3.
Integumentary System
The skin, hair, sweat gland, oil gland,
and nails comprises the integumentary
system. The major functions of the
integumentary system are protection
against ultraviolet light, serves as
barrier against entry of
microorganisms,
prevents dehydration, regulation of
body
temperature, vitamin D production, and
excretion of waste products through the
skin and in gland secretions.
4. Digestive System
The organs of digestive system are the mouth, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large
intestine. Digestive system is to digest food, absorb
water, vitamins, minerals and other food nutrients. The
process of breaking down food into simpler substances to
be used by the body cells is called digestion. There are
two types of digestion, Mechanical digestion is the
breakdown of food by means of chewing food into small
pieces done by teeth, contractions of stomach muscle and
small intestine. Chemical digestion is the breakdown of
large molecules of food into smaller substances by mean
of enzymes.
Food moves through your body in
the following order:
5. Circulatory System
The circulatory system comprises the
heart, blood vessels, and blood. The
main function of the circulatory
system carries oxygen, nutrients, and
hormones to cells, and removes
waste products like carbon dioxide.
Heart -- is one of the most
important organs in the human body, it
continuously pumps blood around our body
through blood vessels. It is a hollow
muscular organ located in your chest, it is
about the size of your fist and is well
protected by the rib cage. The blood
provides your body with oxygen and
nutrients it needs. It also carries away waste.
6. Excretory System
The primary organs of the excretory system are the kidneys,
ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. These organs help eliminate
toxic substances and excess water inside the body. Kidneys filter
the blood, maintain water-salt balance, regulate acid-base
balance, assist hormone secretion, and help activate vitamin D
from the skin. Nephron is the unit inside the kidney capable of
producing urine. Ureters are small tubes that extends from the
kidneys to the bladder. It carries urine produce by the kidney to
the urinary bladder. Urinary bladder a hollow muscular tube
that function as a container to store urine until it is expelled
from the body. Urethra is a small tube that extend from the
urinary bladder to external opening. It serves as a passage way
for the urine when a person is prompted to urinate.
7. Respiratory System
The primary organs of the respiratory system are the nose, pharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. These organs function is to filter,
warm, and moisten air and conduct it into the lungs. The respiratory
system is divided into two tracts, the upper respiratory tract consists
of the nose, nasal cavity, and pharynx. The lower respiratory tract
consists of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. The respiratory
system function to facilitate gas exchange, intake of oxygen and
elimination of carbon dioxide. Without oxygen cells in our body will
die quickly, and too much carbon dioxide in our blood will poison our
cells. Respiration or breathing is the movement of air into and out of
the lungs. Breathing--in is called inhalation (inspiration), it refers to
the movement of air into the lungs. Breathing--out, is called
exhalation (expiration), it refers to the movement of air out of the
lungs.
The air we inhale moves through a series
of organs in the following order:
8. Nervous System
The major organs of the nervous system is the brain,
spinal cord and neurons. Brain and spinal cord are
made up of cells called neurons. Neurons allows the
nervous system to communicate with the rest of the
body. The nervous system function is to coordinate
all activities of the body, enables the body to adapt
and respond to changes that occur both inside and
outside the body. There are two division of nervous
system, they are the central nervous system and the
peripheral nervous system.
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