NAMES & ROLL NUMBERS:

321114312008: Ch.Sravanthi
321114312033: K.Mounika
321114312038: M.Vasavi
321114312040: M.Pravallika
321114312041: M.Akhila
321114312046: P.Siri Keerthika
321114312049: P.Hema

Internship in EMBEDDED SYSTEMS USING ARDUINO

Under the guidance of
TECK TEAM SOLUTIONS
Embedded Systems using Arduino
 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Embedded systems are computer systems that have a

dedicated function. They exist within a larger
mechanical or electronic system.
Three main components of embedded systems:
● Hardware: Microprocessors, microcontrollers are
the hardware of embedded systems.
● Software :specialized programming tools that
enable the machines to function.
● A real-time operating system (RTOS).:An
operating system that provides set of rules.
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
There are four types of embedded systems:
Standalone: Standalone embedded systems can produce outputs
without a host computer. Examples:calculators,door bell
Network:They rely on communication with web servers through
wired or wireless networks. Examples:Atm,swipe machines
Mobile: Mobile embedded systems are small, portable
devices.Examples:cellphones,laptops, tablets
Real-time: Their primary function is to provide results
immediately. Examples:washing machines,dishwasher

Characteristics of embedded systems:

1. Microprocessor-or microcontroller based.
2. Time-sensitive function
3. Single functioned
4. Lower power consumption
 ARDUINO
● The Arduino is a single circuit board, which consists of different
interfaces or parts.
● The board consists of the set of digital and analog pins that are used
to connect various devices and components, which we want to use
for the functioning of the electronic devices.
● It is an open-source platform, means the boards and software are
readily available and anyone can modify and optimize the boards for
better functionality.
● The software used for Arduino devices is called IDE (Integrated
Development Environment).
● Arduino does not need a separate piece of hardware (called a
programmer) in order to load new code onto the board -- you can
simply use a USB cable.
● Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++,
making it easier to learn to program. Finally, Arduino provides a
standard form factor that breaks out the functions of the micro-
controller into a more accessible package.
Arduino: Introduction to Pins

❏ VIN: The pin is used to supply an input voltage to the

Arduino board when it’s using a external power source
❏ 5V: This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on
the board.
❏ GND : Ground pin.
❏ Input and Output: : An analog signal can take any
number of values, while a digital signal which is limited to
two values: High and Low.
❏ Digital I/O pins:The Arduino Uno board has 14 digital
I/O pins.
❏ Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX) :They are used to receive
(RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data.
❏ External Interrupts: 2 and 3 — These pins can be
configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising
or falling edge, or a change in value.
Arduino: Introduction to Pins (Contd..)

❏ PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 — Provide 8-bit PWM

output with the analogWrite() function.
❏ SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK) —
These pins support SPI communication using the SPI
library.LED: 13 -There is a built-in LED connected to
digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on,
when the pin is LOW, it’s off.
❏ Analog Input pins:The Uno has 6 analog inputs,
labeled A0 — A5, each of which provide 10 bits of
resolution (i.e. 1024 different values).
❏ TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin — used to support
TWI communication using the Wire library.
❏ AREF — Used with analogReference() to set a reference
voltage for the analog inputs.
❏ Reset — Used to reset the microcontroller.
● LED:
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor
device that emits light when current flows
through it. Electrons in the semiconductor
recombine with electron holes, releasing energy
in the form of photons.built-in LED on the
Arduino, which is soldered on digital pin 13.You
can use LED_BUILTIN which is already
predefined for this LED. And you'll see the built-
in LED powered on.

● BUZZER:
It is a digital component that can be connected to
digital outputs, and emits a tone when the output
is HIGH.The buzzer produces the same noisy
sound irrespective of the voltage variation
applied to it.The piezo, also known as the buzzer,
is a component that is used for generating sound.
● SWITCH:
Pushbuttons or switches connect two open terminals
in a circuit. The first input device we will study is the
switch. It allows the human to input binary
information into the computer. This example turns
on the LED on pin 12 when you press the pushbutton
switch connected to pin 3.LED is turned ON when
the pushbutton is pressed and OFF when it is
released.

● BUTTONS:
The buttons are similar to switches that create and
break electrical connections in the circuits. The
button plays a transition between ON and OFF state.
A single press turns the state ON, while another
press turns the state OFF. Button
Pushbuttons or switches connect two points in a
circuit when you press them. This example turns on
the built-in LED on pin 13 when you press the
button.
 ARDUINO CODE USING LED,BUZZER AND A SWITCH
int swt = 3;
int led = 12;
int buz = 7;
void setup() {
// Setup code runs once when the Arduino is powered up or reset
pinMode(swt, INPUT_PULLUP); // Set pin 3 as input with pull-up resistor
pinMode(led, OUTPUT); // Set pin 12 as output
pinMode(buz, OUTPUT); // Set pin 7 as output
}
void loop() {
// Main code runs repeatedly
if (digitalRead(swt) == 0) {
// If the switch is pressed (LOW), turn on the LED and turn off the buzzer
digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
digitalWrite(buz, LOW);
} else {
// If the switch is not pressed (HIGH), turn off the LED and turn on the buzzer
digitalWrite(led, LOW);
digitalWrite(buz, HIGH);
}
}
WHAT IS A RELAY?
● A relay is an small electrically operated
switch that uses a small electric current to
control a larger one.
● It typically consists of an electromagnet
that when energized causes a switch to
open or close.
● Relays are commonly used to control high
voltage circuits with low voltage signals
providing a safe and efficient way to
manage electrical power in various
application.
● Relays are used because they provide a safe
way to control high power devices using low
power signals.
● Common used in automation electrical
protection and communication systems.
 RELAY
Uses:
● Making machines work automatically in factories.
● Protecting electronics from too much electricity.
● Managing signals in communication systems.
Advantages:
● Keeps you safe because the button and the light are electrically
separated.
● Let's you control a big light with a small button.
Disadvantage:
● Can be a bit slow like a traditional light switch.
● Over time the switch might need replacement.
 MOTOR DRIVERS
A motor driver is an electronic device that acts as
intermediate device between a microcontroller a powe
supply or Batteries and the motors.A motor driver in
Arduino is a device or modulate that controls and
manages the movement of motors.
Uses:
● Controlling motors:Motor driver interface
between Arduino and motors providing the
necessary power.
Advantage:
● Precise control
● Current regulation
Disadvantage:
● Cost
● Complexity
 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY I2C

Lcd is a type of flat panel display which uses liquid crystal in its primary
form of operation.Lcd works on the principle of blocking light.Lcd
produces a picture with the help of backlight.Lcd consumes less energy
than led.
● 1st pin : Ground
● 2nd pin: VCC
● 3rd pin: Brightness
● 4th pin: Register Select Pin
● 5th pin: Read/Write
● 6th pin: Enable
● 7-14 pins: D0-D7 pin
● 15th pin: Anode
● 16th pin:Cathode
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY I2C PIN DESCRIPTION

➔ A Read/Write (R/W) pin that selects reading mode or

writing mode
➔ An Enable pin that enables writing to the registers
➔ 8 data pins (D0 -D7). The states of these pins (high or
low) are the bits that you're writing to a register when
you write, or the values you're reading when you read.
➔ The Register Select (RS) pin is used to control
whether the data being sent to the module is
interpreted as a command or as display data. When
RS is low, the data is treated as a command,
instructing the LCD controller to perform a specific
function (e.g., clear the display, set the cursor
position). When RS is high, the data is treated as
display data to be shown on the screen.
 SENSORS

Sensors are devices that detects and measure physical

properties like light ,temperature,pressure or
motion,converting this information information into
signals for electronic devices .
Types of sensors:
1. IR sensor
2. Ultrasonic sensor
3. Soil Moisture sensor
4. Humidity sensor
 SENSORS AND ITS TYPES

IR sensor:
1. IR sensor is an electronic device that emits
the light in order to sense some objects of
the surroundings. It is also measure the heat
of an object as well as detects the motion.

Applications :
1. Flame detectors
IR sensor
2. Gas warning devices
3. Gas analyzer
4. Tv's
 SENSORS AND ITS TYPES

Ultrasonic sensor:
2.
An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic
device that measures the distance of
target objects by emitting ultrasonic
sound waves and convert the reflected
sound into an electrical signal.

Applications :
Ultrasonic sensor
1. Loop control
2. People detection for counting
 SENSORS AND IT’S TYPES

Soil Moisture sensor:

3. The soil moisture sensor is one kind
of sensor used to gauge the volumetric
content of water within the soil.

Applications :
1. Environmental science
Soil Moisture sensor 2. Horticulture
 SENSORS AND IT’S TYPES

DHT/Humidity sensor:
4. It is an electronic device to measure the humidity and
temperature.
There are 2 types of dht sensor:DHT11,DHT22
DHT11 andDHT22 are two digital temperature and
humidity sensor is a basic,ultra low cost digital temperature
and humidity sensor.It uses a capacitive humidity sensor
and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air and send a
digital signal on the data pin.The main difference between
DHT11 and DHT22 is their accuracy and range. DHT22 is
more accurate and has a wider temperature and humidity
DHT sensor measurement range compared to dht11. DHT22 also tends
to be slightly more exprensive so many application we use
DHT11.
WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM USING ARDUINO UNO
 WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM

A weather monitoring system using Arduino is a project that involves the use of Arduino
microcontrollers to collect, process, and display weather-related data. Arduino is a popular open-source
hardware and software platform that is widely used in the field of electronics and embedded systems.
With various sensors and modules, you can create a simple yet effective weather monitoring system.
Components Needed:
❖ Arduino Board:The heart of the system. Arduino Uno is a commonly used choice for beginners.
❖ Weather Sensors:
➢ Temperature Sensor (e.g., DHT11 or DHT22): Measures ambient temperature.
➢ Humidity Sensor (e.g., DHT11 or DHT22): Measures the relative humidity in the air
❖ Display Module:
➢ LCD Display or OLED Display: To visualize the collected data.
❖ Power Supply:
➢ A suitable power supply for the Arduino board and sensors.
❖ Connecting Wires and Breadboard:
➢ For connecting the components and creating a prototype.
 WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM CODE
#include <dht.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
Int rs=12,en=11,d4=5,d5=4,d6=3,d7=2;
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(rs,en,d4,d5,d6,d7);
dht DHT;
#define DHT11_PIN 4
void setup(){
lcd.begin(16, 2); }
void loop() {
int d = DHT.read11(DHT11_PIN);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Temp: ");
lcd.print(DHT.temperature);
lcd.print((char)223);
lcd.print("C");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
Readings on LCD:
lcd.print("Humidity: ");
lcd.print(DHT.humidity); Temperature: 28.00°C
lcd.print("%"); Humidity: 14.00%
delay(1000);
}
 WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM

Benefits of Arduino Weather Monitoring System:

● Affordable and accessible components.

● Customizable based on specific weather parameters of
interest.
● Educational and practical for learning electronics and
programming.
● Can be expanded with additional sensors or features.
THANK YOU