MODUL

E 11
ART IN THE PHILIPPINES

refer to the various forms of the arts that have

developed and accumulated in the Philippines from the
beginning of civilization in the country up to the present
era

they reflect the range of artistic influences on the

country’s culture, including indigenous forms of arts
and how these influences have honed the country’s arts
MUSIC
 Geographically the Philippines belongs to the East, its music
has been heavily influenced by the West owing to 333 years of
Spanish rule and 45 years of American domination.

 MUSIC in the highland and lowland hamlets where

indigenous culture continues to thrive has strong Asian
elements

 Spanish and American influences are highly evident in the

music of the urban areas
Three main roots are apparent:

1. An old Asian influenced music referred to as the

indigenous

2. A religious and secular music influenced by Spanish

and European forms

3. An American/European inspired classical, semi -

classical and popular music
A system to classify Philippines music is a geographic or ethno-
linguistic approach

In indigenous music, various kinds of instruments are made of bronze,

bamboo or wood.
Vocal genres include:

 epics relating genealogies and exploits of heroes and gods

 work songs related to planting , harvesting, fishing
 ritual songs to drive away evil spirits or to invoke blessings from
the good spirits
 songs to celebrate festive occasions particularly marriage, birth,
victory and war
 mourning songs for the dead
 courting songs
 children’s game songs
---this type of music that is still practriced today by the indigenous groups
DANCE
 There are many dances performed in the Philippine Islands

TINIKLING PANGALAY JOTA

 Dances are performed anytime and anywhere
 this starts in the morning in schools, where dance is an integrated part of education
 it lasts till late in the night especially when there is a fiesta
 Dancing is deep inside Filipinos

“ Dancing keep us away from negative things, when you move, everything is positive, there’s
no right or wrong, you release all your emotions and it will end up with a beautiful smile”

 the Philippines have many popular folk dances which have evolved and changed as they
have been passed down from generation to generation
 dancing plays an important role in Filipino culture------- telling their history and
preserving traditions through folk dances and music
 these dances are entertaining to observe and even more fun to learn and perform yourself
MOVIE
 August 1897 - Liebman and Peritz, two Swiss entrepreneurs, presented the first imported
movies on the Lumiere Cinematograph in Manila at Escolta Street
 using the Lumiere Cinematograph as a camera, Antonio Ramos locally filmed
Panorama de Manila ( Manila landscape), Fiesta de Quiapo ( Quiapo Fiesta), Puente
de Espana ( Bridge of Spain) and Escenas Callejeras ( Street Scenes) ----- making him
the first movie producer in the Philippines
 After the World War II, Visayan films came about through Lapu - Lapu pictures
 1950s were labeled as the first golden age of Philippine Cinema
 4 big production studios ( LVN Pictures, Sampaguita Pictures, Premiere Productions
and Lebran International) were at their peak in filmmaking
 1970s second golden age of Philippine cinema with the period of the avant -garde
filmmakers
 1997 Kidlat Tahimik made a film entitled Mababangong Bangungot ( Perfumed
Nightmare ) which won the International Critics Prize in the Berlin Film Festival that
same year

 2009 brought the highest international esteem to a Filipino film maker when Brillante
Mendoza was judged as the Best Director at the Cannes Film Festival for his film
Kinatay ( Butchered )---- a movie about murder and police brutality

 The Cannes Film Festival proves that Pinoy movies can be outstanding

 The Cannes Film Festival is one of the 3 most important film festivals in Europe
aside Venice and Berlin
lumiere cinematograph

PANORAMA DE MANILA
THEATER
 Theater art a part of the Filipino tradition and serve effectively as a medium of social
awareness and entertainment
 it is also a means of liberal and artful way of expressing opinions and talents

 many festivals and occasions are celebrated in the country where theatre arts are in
use
 during Holy Week “ Cenaculo” takes place as an on stage performance that re -
enacts the passion of Christ
 Moro - Moro which expresses the conflict between Christians and Muslims in the
country
 a famous theatre form called carillo, which is usually a drama play after the harvest
season
 Zarzuela is another famous theatre performance, a local version of Spanish operetta
MORO -MORO CENACULO

ZARZUELA
PAINTING

 The first painting were commissioned works during the Spanish colonial era

 19th century ---- art was only for the church and religious use
---- the friars enforced strict supervision over their production

 Tagalog painters Jose Loden, Tomas Nazario and Miguel de los Reyes --- did
the first still life paintings in the country
 they were commissioned in 1786 by a Spanish botanist to paint the flora and
fauna found in the country

 Secular subject matter in painting only increased during the 19th century
 with more tourists and foreigners demanding
souvenirs and decorations from the country, tipos del
pais developed in painting

 these watercolor paintings show the different types of

inhabitants in the Philippines in their different native
costumes that show their social status and occupation

 it also became an abum of different native costumes

 DAMIAN DOMINGO Y GABOR --- was the most

popular artist who worked in this style
Painting

 Several Filipino painters had the chance to study and work abroad

 Among them were Juan Novicio Luna and Felix Resureccion Hidalgo
who became the first International Filipino artists when they won the gold
and silver medals in the 1884 Madrid Exposition.

 During the American period (1900-45) on-demand portraitists included

Fabian de la Rosa, Miguel Zaragoza, Teodoro Buenaventura, Jorge
Pineda and above all, Fernando Amorsolo, whose style would dominate
the period.
 Amorsolo designed the logo for Ginebra San
Miguel (Markang Demonyo) depicting St.
Michael vanquishing the devil.

 The logo is still in use in its original form today.

 The owner of the beverage company, Don

Enrique Zobel, who is an ardent patron of the
arts, was so impressed by his work that he offered
to send Amorsolo to the Academia de San
Fernando in Madrid for further studies with a
generous stipend for himself and his family.
 Painting
 Despite his exposure to Western
influences, Fernando Amorsolo retained
his Filipino consciousness. He was drawn
more towards the gentle rolling hills and
rice fields of the Philippines rather than
the cosmopolitan world of Europe's
proud cities. Even his illustrations of
Spanish women were drawn with
slender physiques, narrower hips, and
smaller breasts more typical of Filipinas
rather than full bodied Caucasian
women. One of his most copied
paintings is the "Palay Maiden".
 Another contemporary artist I know is Valentino
Goyenechea Jr.
 He lives with his family in Dumaguete (Negros).
 Goyenechea is a visual artist in different domains
such as painting and photography. Two of his
paintings decorate our house.

 This article contains excerpts of Ronnie Pasigui's

presentation. Another very interesting website is Go
Philippines, a blog dedicated to all Filipinos, locals,
OFW, migrants and tourists to gain more knowledge
about Philippines.
 Sculpture
 Early carved human figurine are known from the cordilleras.
Still today, the bululs, or "Ifugao rice Gods," are kept in
the house or granary, and are usually made in pairs. They are
carved of narra wood, which represents wealth, happiness,
and well-being. Every step in their production requires a
ceremony, from tree selection to arrival at the owner's house.
A consecrated bulul has been bathed in pig's blood, had
myths recited to it, and received offerings of wine, ritual
boxes, and rice cakes.
 The carvings brought to the Philippines by early Arab and
Russian missionaries were of beveled type as the slanting
type called Okkil. Although the word literally means XXX
it is not confined to carving alone but also refers to design.
 Sculpture
 A familiar example of sculpture with the integration of
architecture is the Art Deco Style of the Metropolitan
Theater at Liwasang Bonifacio completed by Juan
Arellano in 1931.
 Woodcarving comes in ornamental form in the houses of
the Maranao like that of the "torogan" which features the
"panolong", an extended beam carved with the
Sarimanok or the Naga design.
 Napoleon V. Abueva is known as the "Father of
Modern Philippine Sculpture". He was born in
Tagbilaran, Bohol in 1930. In 1951, he won the Pura
Villanueva Kalaw scholarship and finished Bachelor of
Arts in Sculpture in University of the Philippines in 1953.
Sculpture

 Abueva utilized almost all kinds of materials from hard

wood (molave, acacia, langka wood, ipil, kamagong,
palm wood and bamboo) to adobe, metal, stainless
steel, cement, marble, bronze, iron, alabaster, coral and
brass.
 Among the major works of Abueva are: Kaganapan
(1953), Kiss of Judas (1955), The Transfiguration at
the Eternal Garden Memorial Park (1979),
Fredesvinda in Fort Canning, Nine Muses at the UP
Faculty Center (1994), Sunburst at the Peninsula
Manila Hotel (1994) and the bronze figure of Teodoro
M. Kalaw in front of National Library.
Handicraft
 Inspired by the Japanese One Village One Product
Movement of 1979, the Philippines' OTOP program
was proposed by then-President Gloria Macapagal
Arroyo as early as 2002 and launched in 2004. Current
Filipino President Benigno 'Noynoy" Aquino has
authorized the continuation of the OTOP program. OTOP
products vary, and can include fruits, specialty dishes, or
handmade products. Examples of OTOP products include
Arabica coffee in the Cordillera region, cacao products in
San Isidro in Davao del Norte, and brooms in Santa Fe in
Nueva Vizcaya.
 One-town-one-product (OTOP) is a program of the Department of Trade
and Industry that envisions having a product for each town and making
it known to the market locally and internationally.
 Handicraft
 Other OTOP products are the Lanzones
fruits and the famous Pastel buns in
Camiguin. The Bicol Express in Naga-City
isn't a train but a spicy food. Another good
example is the potter's village of Lezo in
Aklan, Panay. Handicraft you can see anytime
and anywhere in the Philippines. On nearly
any island you find a black-smith who makes
the traditional bolos. Fishermen wear the
typical conic hat made of sliced bamboo or
palm leaves. Hand made items are usually not
expensive, are decorative and make the perfect
gift (pasalubong) for your family and your
friends.
Literature
 The first book printed in the Philippines is the "Doctrina Christiana", see
also the written language. It had been published 1593 in Manila.
 Tomas Pinpin wrote and printed in 1610 "Librong Pagaaralan nang
mga Tagalog nang Wikang Kastila", 119 pages designed to help fellow
Filipinos to learn the Spanish language in a simple way.
 He is also credited with the first news publication made in the Philippines:
"Successos Felices".
 On December 1, 1846, La Esperanza, the first daily newspaper, was
available in the country. Other early newspapers were La Estrella (1847),
Diario de Manila (1848) and Boletin Oficial de Filipinas (1852).
Librong Pagaaralan nang
mga Tagalog nang Wikang
Kastila
 Literature
 In 1863, the Spanish government introduced a system of free
public education that had an important effect on the ability
of the population to read in Spanish and further in the rise of
an educated class called the Ilustrado (meaning, well-
informed).
 Spanish became the social language of urban places and the
true lingua franca of the archipelago. A good number of
Spanish newspapers were published until the end of the
1940s, the most influential of them being El Renacimiento,
printed in Manila by members of the Guerrero de Ermita
family.
MODULE 12
CONTEMPORARY ART

is art produced at the present period of time

Contemporary art includes and develops from Postmodern art, which

is itself a successor to Modern art

Contemporary art forms arethe following: choreography, musical

instrument, literary and music composition, visual design, theatrical
performance .
WEAVING

 Is the process of crossing one group of

threads, the weft, with a second group of
threads, the warp , to make cloth or a
decorative artwork.

 The warp is attached to the loom, the

framework used to hold the threads. The
weft moves under and over the warp
threads
PAISLEY

 Is a design that can be used on fabric, gift wrap or wall paper

 Paisley or paisley pattern is an ornamental textile design using the boteh or buta,
a teardrop-shaped motif with a curved upper end.
BEAD WORK

 Is an ornamental form of art in which beads are joined together using a thread
 through beadwork, one can make earrings , necklaces, bracelets, anklets, purses, bags and many more
 To make paper beads, you may need the
following : old magazines, catalogues,
construction or colored paper, scissors,
glue, pencils or round chopsticks, string,
cord, yarn, needle and ruler and follow the
steps below:

 First is to draw lines similar to this photo

on pages of old magazines or catalogues,
construction or colored paper then cut

 Second , roll each strip of paper as shown

in the photo
SCULPTURE

 Is the process of carving to come up with a three - dimensional art work

PAPER QUILING

 Is a paper craft that involves rolling narrow strips of paper into unique 3D shapes.
 these little paper forms can then be used to decorate greeting cards, pictures, gift bags
and boxes or glued together to make mosaics, sculptures and other works of art
PEBBLE ART

 Is an art work that uses pebbles and may include twigs to mimic an image on a
frame, card board or piece of paper
DRIED LEAVES ART
 Is similar to pebble art but it uses dried leaves instead of pebbles or rocks and twigs
MIXED MEDIA ART

 uses more than one medium in an artwork

 this may include recycled materials , seeds, pieces of paper, cloth and others to mimic
an image
ORIGAMI
 is introduced by the Japanese
 It is an art of folding a piece of paper to form different shapes that may resemble
to animals, flowers and others
RECYCLED PLASTIC ART

 Is forming different shapes or representational objects from recycled plastics

CALLIGRAPHY
 Is an artistic way of writing
MOSAIC
 is an art made from gluing pieces of materials to form an image