Introduction to Networks

Chapter 1 - Sections & Objectives

 1.1 Globally Connected
• Explain how multiple networks are used in every day life.
• Explain how networks affect the way we interact, learn, work and play.
• Explain how host devices can be used as clients, servers, or both.

 1.2 LANs, WANs, and the Internet

• Explain how topologies and devices are connected in a small to medium-sized business network.
• Explain the use of network devices..
• Compare the devices and topologies of a LAN to the devices and topologies of a WAN.
• Describe the basic structure of the Internet.
• Explain how LANs and WANs interconnect to the Internet.

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Globally Connected

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Networking Today
Networks in Our Daily Lives
 Welcome to a world where we are more powerful together, than we ever could be apart.

 Welcome to the human network.

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Networking Today
Technology Then and Now
 We live in a world we barely imagined 30 years ago.

 What wouldn’t we have without the Internet?

 What will be possible in the future using the network as the platform?

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Networking Today
Networks Support the Way We Work
 The globalization of the Internet
has empowered individuals to
create information that can be
accessed globally.
 Forms of communication:
• Texting
• Social Media
• Collaboration Tools
• Blogs/Vlogs
• Podcasting
• Streaming

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Networking Today
Networks Support the Way We Work

 Data networks have evolved into

helping support the way we work.
 Online learning opportunities decrease
costly and time consuming travel.
 Employee training is becoming more
cost effective.

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Networking Today
Networks Support the Way We Play
 We listen to music, watch movies,
read books, and download material
for future offline access.
 Networks allow online gaming in
ways that were not possible 30
years ago.
 Offline activities have also been
enhanced by networks including
global communities for a wide
range of hobbies and interests.

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Providing Resources in a Network
Networks of Many Sizes
 Small Home Networks – connect a few
computers to each other and the Internet
 Small Office/Home Office – enables
computer within a home or remote office
to connect to a corporate network
 Medium to Large Networks – many
locations with hundreds or thousands of
interconnected computers
 World Wide Networks – connects
hundreds of millions of computers world-
wide – such as the Internet

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Providing Resources in a Network
Clients and Servers

 Every computer connected to a network

is called a host or end device.
 Servers are computers that provide
information to end devices on the network.
For example, email servers, web servers, or
file server
 Clients are computers that send requests to
the servers to retrieve information such as a
web page from a web server or email from
an email server.

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Providing Resources in a Network
Peer-to-Peer

 Client and server software usually run on separate computers.

 However, in small businesses or homes, it is typical for a client to also function as the server.
These networks are called peer-to-peer networks.
 Peer-to-peer networking advantages: easy to set up, less complex, and lower cost.

 Disadvantages: no centralized administration, not as secure, not scalable, and slower

performance.

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LANs, WANs, and the Internet

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Network Components
Overview of Network Components

 A network can be as simple as a single

cable connecting two computers or as
complex as a collection of networks that
span the globe.
 Network infrastructure contains three broad
categories of network components:
• Devices
• Media
• Services

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LANs, WANs, and the Internet
Network Components

 End Devices
• An end device is where a
message originates from or
where it is received.
• Data originates with an end
device, flows through the
network, and arrives at an
end device

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Network Components
Intermediary Network Devices
 An intermediary device interconnects end devices in a network. Examples include:
switches, wireless access points, routers, and firewalls.
 The management of data as it flows through a network is also the role of an
intermediary device including:
• Regenerate and retransmit data signals.
• Maintain information about what pathways exist through the network and internetwork.
• Notify other devices of errors and communication failures.

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Network Components
Network Media

 Communication across a network is

carried through a medium which
allows a message to travel from
source to destination.
 Networks typically use three types of
media:
• Metallic wires within cables, such as
copper
• Glass, such as fiber optic cables
• Wireless transmission

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Network Components
Network Representations

 Network diagrams, often called topology

diagrams, use symbols to represent
devices within the network.
 In addition to the device representations
on the right, it is important to remember
and understand the following terms:
• Network Interface Card (NIC)
• Physical Port
• Interface

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Network Components
Topology Diagrams
 Note the key differences between the two topology diagrams (physical location of devices vs.
ports and network addressing schemes)

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LANs and WANs
Types of Networks

 Two most common types of networks:

• Local Area Network (LAN) – spans a
small geographic area owned or
operated by an individual or IT
department.
• Wide Area Network (WAN) – spans a
large geographic area typically
involving a telecommunications service
provider.
• Other types of networks:
• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
• Wireless LAN (WLAN)
• Storage Area Network (SAN)

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LANs and WANs
Local Area Networks

 Three characteristics of LANs:

• Spans a small geographic area
such as a home, school, office
building, or campus.
• Usually administered by a
single organization or
individual.
• Provides high speed bandwidth
to end and intermediary
devices within the network.

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LANs and WANs
Wide Area Networks

 Three characteristics of WANs:

• WANs interconnect LANs over wide geographical areas such as between cities, states, or countries.
• Usually administered by multiple service providers.

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The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
The Internet
 The Internet is a worldwide collection of
interconnected LANs and WANs.
 LANs are connected to each other using
WANs.
 WANs are then connected to each other
using copper wires, fiber optic cables,
and wireless transmissions.
 The Internet is not owned by any
individual or group, however, the
following groups were developed to help
maintain structure:
• Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF)
• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
and Numbers(ICANN)
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The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Intranets and Extranets

 Unlike the Internet, an intranet is a

private collection of LANs and WANs
internal to an organization that is meant
to be accessible only to the
organizations members or others with
authorization.
 An organization might use an extranet
to provide secure access to their
network for individuals who work for a
different organization that need access
to their data on their network.

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Internet Connections
Internet Access Technologies
 There are many ways to connect users
and organizations to the Internet:
• Popular services for home users and
small offices include broadband cable,
broadband digital subscriber line (DSL),
wireless WANs, and mobile services.
• Organizations need faster connections
to support IP phones, video
conferencing and data center storage.
• Business-class interconnections are
usually provided by service providers
(SP) and may include: business DSL,
leased lines, and Metro Ethernet.

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Internet Connections
Home and Small Office Internet Connections
 Cable – high bandwidth, always on,
Internet connection offered by cable
television service providers.
 DSL – high bandwidth, always on,
Internet connection that runs over a
telephone line.
 Cellular – uses a cell phone network
to connect to the Internet; only
available where you can get a cellular
signal.
 Satellite – major benefit to rural areas
without Internet Service Providers.
 Dial-up telephone – an inexpensive,
low bandwidth option using a modem.
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Internet Connections
Businesses Internet Connections
 Corporate business connections may
require higher bandwidth, dedicated
connections, or managed services.
Typical connection options for
businesses:
• Dedicated Leased Line – reserved
circuits within the service provider’s
network that connect distant offices with
private voice and/or data networking.
• Ethernet WAN – extends LAN access
technology into the WAN.
• DSL – Business DSL is available in
various formats including Symmetric
Digital Subscriber Lines (SDSL).
• Satellite – can provide a connection
when a wired solution is not available.

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End of Presentation

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