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Lesson 1. Reproductive Sytem

The male and female reproductive systems have both similar and different structures to allow for reproduction. The male system produces and transports sperm via organs like the testes and penis. The female system produces eggs and supports pregnancy via organs like the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes. Both systems rely on gamete production, hormones, and interaction between the sex cells to enable fertilization and continuation of the species.

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37 views21 pages

Lesson 1. Reproductive Sytem

The male and female reproductive systems have both similar and different structures to allow for reproduction. The male system produces and transports sperm via organs like the testes and penis. The female system produces eggs and supports pregnancy via organs like the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes. Both systems rely on gamete production, hormones, and interaction between the sex cells to enable fertilization and continuation of the species.

Uploaded by

seanbalangcod29
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Human Body: The

Reproductive System
Answer the following questions:
• How do the structures of a male reproductive
system different from a female reproductive
system?
• How are they similar?
• What do you think makes the difference?
• What are the roles of different organs and
hormones of the male and female reproductive
system?
• What is the importance of reproductive system
as a whole?
The need to perpetuate has always been a big part of
life’s existence here on earth. Its absence will put all life
forms at stake. Reproduction is necessary to ensure
continuation of a species. As
one reach adolescence, that person become capable of
taking part in the reproductive process.

The structures of the male and female reproductive system are


different. Though the parts and functions of the reproductive
system are different in some aspects, they have coordinated
parts and functions. The role of the male reproductive system
is to produce and transport sperm cells while the female
reproductive system is to produce egg cells and for child
bearing. Without the fusion of the gametes from the testis
(sperm cells) of the male organ with the gamete from the
female organ (egg cell), reproduction will not occur.
Review
• Mitosis is the type of cell division that occurs in non-reproductive
cells.
• Produces exact copies of the parent cell
• Meiosis is cell division that occurs in reproductive cells; gametes.
• Produces egg and sperm cells with half the genetic material of the parent
cells.
• 23 chromosomes are contained in gametes; this is so that when egg and
sperm meet, they produce offspring with 46 chromosomes.
Organs of the Male Reproductive System
1.Testes- the male gonad which is responsible for the production of
sperm cells and testosterone. Each testis is composed of cone-shaped
lobules that contain seminiferous tubules (actual site for sperm
production) lined with epithelial cells.
2. Scrotum- a sac-like organ made of skin and muscles that houses the
testes. A sac or pouch which holds the testes. The function of the scrotum
is to maintain the proper temperature of the testes. (slightly cooler than
body temperature)
3. Epididymis- a sperm storage area made up of thin tubules that are
tightly coiled into small mass. The length of the epididymis delays the
release of the sperm and allows them time to mature.
4. Vas deferens- a muscular tube that carries sperm from the epididymis
to the abdominal cavity and into the ejaculatory duct.
5.Seminal vesicles- store and produce some of the liquid
portion of semen. The liquid produces by the seminal
vesicles contains proteins and mucus and has an alkaline pH
to help sperms survive in the acidic environment of the
vagina. The liquid also contains fructose to feed sperm cells.
6. Ejaculatory duct- contains the ducts from the seminal
vesicles. During ejaculation, the ejaculatory duct opens and
expels sperm and the secretions from the seminal vesicles
into the urethra.
7. Urethra- a passageway for both urine and male reproductive fluids. However,
the two fluids do not exit the urethra at the same time.
8. Penis- the male external organ that transfers sperm cells to the vagina and
excretion of urine. The penis is composed of erectile tissue. The head of the penis
or the glans penis is covered by the foreskin or prepuce, which may have been
removed by circumcision. The external reproductive organ, urethra passes through
the penis and allows urine and semen to exit the body.
9.Prostate Gland- produces a large portion of the fluid that makes up semen.
10. Cowper’s Glands or bulbourethral glands – it secretes a thin alkaline fluid
into the urethra that lubricates and neutralizes acid from urine remaining in the
urethra after urination.
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis is the process of producing sperm that takes place in the testes
and epididymis of adult males. At puberty, spermatogenesis begins when luteinizing
hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) of germ cells. Testosterone
stimulates stem cells in the testes known as Spermatogonium to undergo the process
of developing into spermatocytes. Each diploid spermatocyte goes through the
process of meiosis I and splits into 2 haploid secondary spermatocytes. The
secondary spermatocytes go through meiosis II to form 4 haploid spermatid cells.
The spermatic cells go through the process known as spermiogenesis where they
grow a flagellum and develop the structures of the sperm head. After
spermiogenesis, the cell is finally a sperm cell, or spermatozoa. The spermatozoa are
released into epididymis where they complete their maturation.
Each sperm cell is consist of head which has an
acrosome at the tip and contains a haploid set of
chromosomes in a compact, inactive, state. They have
a midpiece containing mitochondria
which provides the cell energy and a single centriole.
They have a tail which is a flagellum for
locomotion/movement.
Organs of the Female Reproductive System
Organs of the Female Reproductive System

• Vagina: also called the birth canal, a tube leading from the uterus to
the outside of the body. (Where sperm enters. It is acidic.)

• Cervix: the lower portion of the uterus; where the vagina and uterus
meet. (Dilates for the delivery of baby.)
Organs of the Female Reproductive System

• Uterus: a hollow, fist-sized organ located between the bladder and


rectum. (Where the zygote implants and the embryo develops)

• Fallopian Tubes: also called oviducts; are two tubes connecting the
uterus with the ovaries. (site of fertilization)
Organs of the Female Reproductive System
• Ovaries: small organs on the ends of the Fallopian tubes responsible
for the production and release of eggs (ova-pl).
• Females are born with all of the eggs they will ever produce.
• Ovaries alternate the release of eggs each month.
• Like testes, the ovaries produce hormones-estrogen.
• This release of the ova is called ovulation.
The Menstrual Cycle
• The menstrual cycle typically lasts 28 days; approximately 1 month.
• One cycle is the amount of time from the beginning of one period to the
beginning of the next period.
• The beginning of a period is marked by the release of the blood and
lining from the inside of the uterus.
• This flow of blood typically lasts 3-7 days and is called menstruation.
The Menstrual Cycle
• After menstruation, the ovaries release hormones that tell the uterus
to grow a new lining and prepare to receive a new egg.
• As the uterus prepares a new lining, one of the ovaries releases an
egg. This is called ovulation.
• Ovulation occurs about halfway through a woman’s cycle.
• The egg travels through the Fallopian tube. If it is not fertilized it
breaks down and is released with the lining and blood of the uterus.
Menstrual Cycle Timeline
Menstrual Cycle Timeline
The Menstrual Cycle and Fertilization
• If the egg is fertilized by a sperm cell, the egg will
implant in the lining of the uterus and begin to
develop.
• Zygote: The first cells of a new organism; the time from
fertilization to implantation.
• Embryo: The zygote is called an embryo from implantation
to 8 weeks.
• Fetus: After 8 weeks of development, the embryo is
known as a fetus.
• *To get from zygote to fetus, mitosis and differentiation
occurs
Placenta
• Site of diffusion of nutrients and gases between mother and
developing child

• Mother and developing child’s blood never mix

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