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USE ACTIVE AND
PASSIVE CONSTRUCTION Learning Objectives: • classify whether a sentence is an active or passive voice of the verbs; • transform an active voice of the verb into its passive form and vice versa; and • value the importance of learning the rules and construction behind active and passive voice sentences Voice The voice of a verb tells whether the subject of the sentence performs or receives the action.
Two types of voices
• Active Voice • Passive Voice ACTIVE VOICE
• Active voice is a grammar term used to
classify sentences in which the subject of the sentence is the one actively performing the action of the verb.
• It follows the pattern " Subject + Verb +
Object " Examples
• Gizelle sings a song.
• James finished the homework. • The puppy chewed the shoe. PASSIVE VOICE • Passive voice is when the subject of a sentence receives the action of the verb rather than performing the action.
• It follows the pattern, " Object + Verb
(Auxiliary and/or linking verb + Main verb) + by + subject ". Examples • A song is sung by Gizelle. • The homework was finished by James. • The shoe was chewed by the Puppy. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
ACTIV PASSIVE E What subject does The focus is on the action
ACTIVE: Maria boiled the egg.
PASSIVE: The egg was boiled by Maria. General rules of converting active voice to passive voice: • The subject in the active voice becomes the object in the passive voice and the object in the active voice becomes the subject in the passive voice. • Put 'by' in front of the subject in the passive voice. • Use 3rd form of verb + is/am/are/was/were/been/being according to the tense in passive voice. To change a sentence from active voice to passive, do the following:
• Move the active direct object into the subject slot.
ACTIVE ---------------------------- PASSIVE
Hernan cooked the rice. ------------------------------- The rice...
2. Place the active subject into a beginning with the preposition by.
ACTIVE---------------------------- PASSIVE Hernan cooked the rice. -------------------------------------------- The rice… by Hernan.
3. Add a form of the auxillary verb be to the main verb and change the main verb’s form.
ACTIVE ---------------------------- PASSIVE
Hernan cooked the rice. ------------------------------------The rice was cooked by Hernan. TRY ME! Change the sentence from active to passive voice.
• I told her a story.
• Aira painted the house. • He is receiving a letter. General rules of converting passive voice to active voice:
• The subject of passive voice becomes object in
active voice and the object in passive voice becomes the subject in active voice. • Remove the preposition 'by'. • Use 1st form of the verb. To change a passive voice sentence into an active voice sentence, simply reverse the steps shown above:
• Move the passive subject into the active direct object slot.
PASSIVE ---------------------------- ACTIVE
The rice was cooked by Hernan. ------------------------------- ... (cooked) the rice.
2. Remove the auxiliary verb be from the main verb and change the main verb's form if needed.
PASSIVE ---------------------------- ACTIVE
The rice was cooked by ... -------------------------------------------- ... (cooked) the rice.
3. Place the passive sentence's object of the preposition 'by' into the subject slot.
PASSIVE ---------------------------- ACTIVE
.. by Hernan. -------------------------------------------- Hernan cooked the rice. TRY ME! Change the sentence from passive to active voice.
• A snake was killed by Him.
• A letter will be written by Her. • The money is given by the old father to the boy. It is confusing when you change the sentences from active to passive voice and vice versa. However, if you know how to convert the tense of the verb then it is easy. Tense/Verb Form Active Voice Passive Voice
Simple Present sells is sold
Present Continous is selling is being sold
Simple Past sold was sold
Past Continous was selling was being sold
Present Perfect has sold has been sold
Future will sell will be sold
Conditional would sell would be sold
Perfect Conditional would have sold would have been sold
Present Infinitive to sell to be sold
Perfect Infinitive to have sold to have been sold
Present Participle selling being sold
Perfect Participle having sold having been sold
Remember that not all sentences can be changed to the passive voice. Only an active voice of the sentence with a direct object can be made passive.
For example: "She is dancing.", cannot be changed to passive voice because the sentence does not have a direct object. ACTIVITY I. On your notebook draw the Venn Diagram and differentiate how statements are formed for both active and passive voice. refer to the examples below for your easy references.
• The subject receives the action expressed by the verb.
• The action is done on/upon the subject. • The receiver of the action is preceded by the verb. • The doer of the action is preceded by the verb. • Meaning is clearer and direct. • Meaning can be confusing and indirect. • The receiver of the action is followed by the verb. • The subject performs the action expressed by the verb. • The doer of the action is followed by the verb. • The subject of the sentence is doing the action. II. Identify the following sentence. Write Active if the statement is in active voice and Passive if it is in passive voice.
• The boy teased the girl.
• A cake was made by my mother yesterday. • The girl was teased by the boy. • She has written a novel. • The police have caught the thief. • Have you finished the report? • This experience will never be forgotten by me. • Somebody stole my pen yesterday. • She was not beaten by me. • My pen was stolen by somebody yesterday.
