Intro To Computer
Intro To Computer
Computer
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What are computers?
Computers are electronic devices that can follow instructions to accept input,
process the input and then produce information.
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Look inside the computer SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
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Computers are made of
1. HARDWARE
2. SOFTWARE
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Hardware
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Hardware
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The Case (System Unit or System Cabinet)
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Hardware
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Hardware Organization
CPU
memory
motherboard
hard drive
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Input Devices
Selector Buttons
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Examples of Input Devices
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Examples of Input Devices(2)
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Hardware Organization
CPU
memory
motherboard
hard drive
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)
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The Control Unit (CU) :
coordinates all activities of the
computer by:
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The ALU :
consists of electronic circuitry to
perform:
• Arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division)
• Logical
operations (and, or, not, …) and to make some
comparisons (less-than, equal, … etc.)
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Hardware Organization
CPU
memory
motherboard
hard drive
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Primary Memory
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RAM (Main Memory)
• its a primary storage or random access memory (RAM).
• it temporarily holds data and programs for use during
processing (volatile)
• Any information stored in RAM is lost when the
computer is turned off.
• RAM is the memory that the computer uses to
temporarily store the information as it is being
processed. The more information being processed the
more RAM the computer needs.
• RAM consists of locations or cells. Each cell has a
unique address which distinguishes it from other cells.
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ROM: Read Only Memory
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Secondary Storage
Stores data and programs
permanently: its retained after the
power is turned off
Examples
• Hard Drive (Hard Disk)
Located outside the CPU, but most often
contained in the system cabinet
• Floppy Disk
• Optical Laser Discs
CD-ROM, CD-RW, and DVD
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Kinds of Disk Drives
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Common Secondary Media
• Diskettes
– Data represented as magnetic spots on removable
flexible plastic disks
– Most common size is 3 1/2 inches, in a rigid plastic
case
– Disk drive holds the diskette, reads or retrieves
the data and writes or stores data
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Common Secondary Media
• Hard drive
CPU
memory
motherboard
hard drive
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Common Secondary Media
Optical Laser Discs
• CD ROM & DVD’s
• Data is represented as pits and lands
• Some kinds are read only (CD-ROM) and some Kinds are rewritable (CD-RW)
• Significantly more capacity and faster operating than diskettes
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CPU
memory
hard drive
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Output …
CPU
Output Devices
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Output Devices
Monitors
Printers
Dot matrix printers
Ink jet printers
Laser printers
Sound Blasters (Sound Card By Creative Lab)
Controlling other devices
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Software
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SYSTEM SOFTWARE
The most important
System Software
is the
Operating System
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System Software
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Application Software – Basic Tools
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Units of Measurements
Remark: 1024=210
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Four Kinds of Computers
1. Microcomputers 2. Minicomputers
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•Microcomputer =>Personal Computer
=> PC
•There are 3 types of the
Microcomputers :
1.Laptop
2.Desktop
3.Workstation
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• Personal
Computer: A small, single-user computer based on a
microprocessor.
• Workstation:
A powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a
personal computer, but it has :
a more powerful microprocessor and,
in general, a higher-quality monitor.
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Minicomputer, Mainframe, and
Supercomputer
• Minicomputer: A multi-user computer capable of supporting up to hundreds
of users simultaneously.
• Mainframe: A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many
hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.
• Supercomputer: An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of
millions of instructions per second.
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Minicomputers
• Desk-sized
• More processing speed and
storage capacity than
microcomputers
• General data processing needs
at small companies
• Larger companies use them for
specific purposes
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Mainframe Computers
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Supercomputers
• The most powerful of the four categories
• Used by very large organizations, particularly for very math-intensive types
of tasks
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Supercomputers
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Characteristics of Computers
Data Information
Computer
Knowledge
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Data: is the name given to basic facts such as
names and numbers.
Information: is data that has been converted
into a more useful or intelligible form.
Knowledge: arrangement of information and
classifying information of the same type or the
same topic.
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•e. g.
-2 4 0 -3 10 (data)
|| sort
\ /
-3 -2 0 4 10 (information)
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Processing data produces
information, and processing
information produces
knowledge.
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Computer Viruses
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Computer Viruses
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Examples of Viruses
Monkes
ABC
Crabs
CIH
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Viruses and Virus Protection
•A virus program
• Infects programs, documents, databases and more
…
• It is man-made
• It can hide and reproduce
• It can lay dormant (inactive) and then activate
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How do you know if you
have a virus?
• Lack of storage capability
• Decrease in the speed of executing programs
• Unexpected error messages
• Halting the system
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Virus Protection
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THANK YOU!
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