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Computer System Servicing Grade 12 LESSON 13 - Network Topology - PTT

Network topology refers to the physical or logical layout of how nodes are interconnected in a network. There are several common network topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh. Each topology has advantages and disadvantages related to complexity, scalability, fault tolerance and cost. A hybrid topology combines two or more topologies to create a network with benefits from each.

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119 views31 pages

Computer System Servicing Grade 12 LESSON 13 - Network Topology - PTT

Network topology refers to the physical or logical layout of how nodes are interconnected in a network. There are several common network topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh. Each topology has advantages and disadvantages related to complexity, scalability, fault tolerance and cost. A hybrid topology combines two or more topologies to create a network with benefits from each.

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Network

Topologies
OBJECTIVES:
• Define Network Topology.
• Give the advantages and
disadvantages of Network
Topologies.
Network topology
• it defines the way different
nodes are placed and
interconnected with each
other.
• refers to the physical or
logical layout of a network.
Common Network
Topologies
Bus Topology
• Is a multi-point connection in
which stations are connected
to a single cable called a bus.
• Nodes are connected to the
bus cable by drop lines and
taps.
Advantages of a bus topology:
• Simplicity, low cost and easy expansion of
the network

Disadvantages:
• Difficult reconnection and fault isolation
• Adding more devices may therefore require
modification or replacement of the
backbone.
• Breakdown in the bus cable brings the
entire network down
Star topology
• each device has a
dedicated point-to-point
link only to a central
controller, usually called a
hub.
Advantages of Star
topology:
• Less expensive than mesh topology
• It is easy to set up the network
• It is easy to expand the network
• If one link to the hub breaks, only
the station using that link is
affected
Disadvantages of Star
Topology:
• the operation of the entire
network depends on the hub.
If the hubs breakdown the
entire network is disabled.
Ring Topology
• Each device has a dedicated point-
to-point connection only with the
two devices on either side of it.
• The signal is passed along the ring
in one direction, from device to
device, until it reaches its
destination.
Advantages of ring
Topology:
• It is easy to install
• It is easy to expand
• It can use fiber-optic cable
Disadvantages:
• If a link or a station breaks down,
the entire network is disabled
• Complex hardware is required
(the network interface card is
expensive)
• Adding a new client disrupts the
entire network
Mesh Topology
• connects each station
directly to every other
station in the network.
• The number of connections
is determined by: n(n – 1) /
2 where n=devices
Mesh Topology
Tree topology
• combines characteristics of
linear bus and star topologies.
• it consists of groups of star-
configured workstations
connected to a linear bus
backbone cable
Advantages of Tree Topology
• Expansion of Network is possible
and easy.
• Error detection and correction is
easy.
• Each segment is provided with
dedicated point-to-point wiring to
the central hub.
• If one segment is damaged, other
segments are not affected.
Disadvantages of Tree
Topology
• Relies heavily on the main bus cable,
if it breaks whole network is
crippled.
• As more and more nodes and
segments are added, the
maintenance becomes difficult.
• Scalability of the network depends
on the type of cable used.
Hybrid Topology
• integrate two or more
different topologies to
form a resultant topology
which has good
Hybrid Network Topology
Advantages of Hybrid Topology
• Reliable :fault detection and troubleshooting
is easy in this type of topology
• Scalable: Its easy to increase the size of
network by adding new components, without
disturbing existing architecture.
• Flexible: Hybrid Network can be designed
according to the requirements of the
organization and by optimizing the available
resources.
• Effective
Disadvantages of Hybrid
Topology
• Complexity of Design: One of the biggest
drawback of hybrid topology is its design.
• Costly Hub: The hubs used to connect
two distinct networks, are very expensive.
• Costly Infrastructure: larger in scale, they
require a lot of cables, cooling systems,
sophisticate network devices, etc.
-Quiz-
True or False. Write T if the
statement is correct and F if it
is wrong.
• 1. In a bus topology, if one node fails
the network can no longer function.
• 2. Star topology offers the advantage
that all computers have equal access
to the rest of the network.
Continuation…
• 3. Network Topology is the
arrangement of the various elements
in a computer network.
• 4. In Mesh topology each node is
directly connected to some or all the
other nodes present in the network.
• 5. Star Topology is the least preferred
and least popular.
II. Give one advantage and
disadvantage of the following
network topologies:
1. Star
2. Bus
3. Hybrid
Process Questions:
1.What does Network Topology mean?
Why is it important?
2.What are the four types of network
topologies?
3.How would you compare the four
types of network topologies?
4.What are the advantages and
disadvantages of different network
topologies?

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