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Osi Model

The document discusses network models and describes the OSI and TCP/IP models in detail. It explains the seven layers of the OSI model and the functions of each layer. It also maps the layers of the TCP/IP model to the OSI model and describes the protocols associated with each layer.

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rajveer
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22 views30 pages

Osi Model

The document discusses network models and describes the OSI and TCP/IP models in detail. It explains the seven layers of the OSI model and the functions of each layer. It also maps the layers of the TCP/IP model to the OSI model and describes the protocols associated with each layer.

Uploaded by

rajveer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Models

Layered Tasks

Sender, Receiver and Carrier
Layered Tasks

Hierarchy
 Higher Layer
 Middle Layer
 Lower Layer


Services
 The Each layer uses the services of the layer immediately below it.
2.2 THE OSI MODEL

Established in 1947, the International Standards


Organization (ISO) is a multinational body
dedicated to worldwide agreement on international
standards. An ISO standard that covers all aspects
of network communications is the Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) model. It was first
introduced in the late 1970s.
Layered Architecture

The OSI model is composed of seven layers ;
 Physical (layer1), Data link (layer2), Network (layer3)
 Transport (layer4), Session (layer5), Presentation (layer6)
 Application (layer7)


Layer
 Designer identified which networking functions had related uses
and collected those functions into discrete groups that became the
layers.

The Each layer uses the services of the layer immediately below it.
Layered Architecture (cont’d)

Seven layers of the OSI model


Peer-to-peer Processes

Layer x on one machine communicates with layer x on
another machine - called Peer-to-Peer Processes.
Interfaces between Layers
 Each interface defines what information and services a layer must
provide for the layer above it.
 Well defined interfaces and layer functions provide modularity to a
network

Organizations of the layers
 Network support layers : Layers 1, 2, 3
 User support layer : Layer 5, 6, 7
 Transport layer (Layer 4) : links the two subgroups
Peer-to-peer Processes (cont’d)
The interaction between layers in the OSI model
Peer-to-peer Processes (cont’d)
An exchange using the OSI model

 The data portion of a packet at level N-1 carries the whole packet
from level N. – The concept is called encapsulation.
Physical Layer

Physical layer coordinates the functions required to
transmit a bit stream over a physical medium.


The physical layer is responsible for movements of

individual bits from one hop (node) to the next.


Physical Layer

Physical layer is concerned with the following:
(deal with specification of the primary connections: cable,
connector)
 Physical characteristics of interfaces and medium
 Representation of bits
 Data rate : transmission rate
 Synchronization of bits
 Physical topology
 Transmission mode
Data Link Layer

The data link layer is responsible for moving
frames from one hop (node) to the next.
Data Link Layer

Major duties
 Framing
 Physical addressing
 Flow control
 Error control
 Access control
Data Link Layer

Hop-to-hop (node-to-node) delivery
Network Layer

The network layer is responsible for the delivery of individual
packets from the source host to the destination host.
Network Layer

Logical addressing (IPV4 and IPV6)

Routing
Transport Layer
 The transport layer is responsible for the delivery
of a message from one process to another.
Transport Layer
Transport Layer

Port addressing

Segmentation and reassembly

Connection control (TCP AND UDP)

Flow control

Error control
Session Layer

The session layer is responsible for dialog control and
synchronization.
Presentation Layer

The presentation layer is responsible for translation,
compression, and encryption
Application Layer

The application layer is responsible for providing services
to the user.
Application Layer

The major duties of the application
 File transfer
 Access, and management
 Mail services
Summary of Layers
Summary of layers
TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE

The layers in the TCP/IP protocol suite do not


exactly match those in the OSI model. The
original TCP/IP protocol suite was defined as
having four layers: host-to-network, internet,
transport, and application. However, when
TCP/IP is compared to OSI, we can say that the
TCP/IP protocol suite is made of five layers:
physical, data link, network, transport , and
application.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Figure 2.16 TCP/IP and OSI model
Physical and Data Link Layers

At the physical and data link layers, TCP/IP does not
define any specific protocol.

It supports all the standard and protocols.

A network in a TCP/IP internetwork can be a local-area
network or a wide-area network.
Network Layer

TCP/IP supports the Internetworking Protocol.

IP uses four supporting protocols : ARP, RARP, ICMP, and
IGMP.
 IP (Internetworking Protocol)
 ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
 RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)
 ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
 IGMP (Internet Group Message Protocol)
Transport Layer

The transport layer was represented in TCP/IP by two
protocols : TCP and UDP.
 IP is a host-to-host protocol
 TCP and UDP are transport level protocols responsible
for delivery of a message from a process to another
process.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol)
Application Layer

The application layer in TCP/IP is equivalent to the
combined session, presentation, and application layers in
the OSI model.

Many protocols are defined at this layer.

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