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Project Report

The document proposes using machine learning techniques to predict diabetes by analyzing health data. Diabetes is a growing global issue that requires early detection for better management. The proposed solution involves collecting data, preprocessing it, selecting relevant features, splitting the data for training and testing machine learning classifiers like random forest, decision trees, and logistic regression. Random forest achieved the highest accuracy of 98% for predicting diabetes. Future work could integrate more diverse datasets and explore other advanced algorithms to improve predictive accuracy.

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BT21EE013 Pratima
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31 views10 pages

Project Report

The document proposes using machine learning techniques to predict diabetes by analyzing health data. Diabetes is a growing global issue that requires early detection for better management. The proposed solution involves collecting data, preprocessing it, selecting relevant features, splitting the data for training and testing machine learning classifiers like random forest, decision trees, and logistic regression. Random forest achieved the highest accuracy of 98% for predicting diabetes. Future work could integrate more diverse datasets and explore other advanced algorithms to improve predictive accuracy.

Uploaded by

BT21EE013 Pratima
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem Statement

The problem statement is focused on the challenge of accurately predicting diabetes using
machine learning techniques. This involves analyzing a complex set of health data, including
various clinical parameters, to develop a reliable predictive model. The goal is to enable early
detection and intervention for diabetes, a condition with significant health implications,
leveraging the power of data analytics and machine learning algorithms.
Growing Prevalence of Diabetes

Diabetes is a global The rise of diabetes Python-based machine


health issue, with a presents a critical need learning tools offer a
growing prevalence for early detection and promising solution,
across the world, effective management to enabling early detection
placing significant mitigate its impact on and personalized
strain on health systems public health and management of diabetes,
and affecting the healthcare systems. potentially transforming
quality of life for healthcare outcomes.
individuals.
Proposed Solution
● Data Collection and Pre-processing
○ Gathered a comprehensive dataset comprising 1405 instances and 10 features including Glucose, BMI, and Age. Data pre-processing
involved removing inconsistent features such as 'Id', imputing zero values for biologically critical attributes, and scaling the data
using StandardScaler for optimal algorithm performance.
● Feature Selection and Normalization
○ Employed Pearson’s correlation method to retain highly relevant features, ensuring a robust feature set for model training.
Normalization was conducted to scale numerical data within the range of 0 to 1, enhancing the efficiency of distance-based
algorithms.
● Data Splitting and Model Training
○ Split the pre-processed data into 1600 training samples and 400 testing samples. This split facilitated the evaluation of the model's
predictive power on unseen data.
● Machine Learning Classifiers
○ Various machine learning classifiers such as Decision Trees (DT), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forests (RF), Naive Bayes
(NB), Logistic Regression (LR), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) were deployed to establish a prediction model. Each classifier
was meticulously implemented using Python's scikit-learn library.
● Evaluation and Results
○ The performance of each classifier was evaluated based on accuracy, with Random Forest achieving the highest accuracy of 98%, as
shown in the results table. Such insights are pivotal for choosing the most effective classifier for predicting diabetes.
System Approach
Hardware Software Libraries Required Model Evaluation

Processor: Intel Core i5 or Python 3.x and compatible pandas, numpy, scikit-learn, Using specific scikit-learn
equivalent OS, along with Jupyter matplotlib, seaborn for data modules for data splitting,
RAM: 8GB or higher Notebook or PyCharm for analysis, numerical cross-validation, and
development. operations, machine performance metrics.
Storage: 256GB SSD or
learning, visualization, and
higher for faster data
processing model evaluation.
Alogorithm & Deployment :
Algorithm Selection
Random Forest stands out as the chosen algorithm for its robustness in handling both numerical and categorical
data, an essential feature given the varied nature of the Pima Indians Diabetes Database. Its ability to manage
missing values and maintain accuracy across large datasets makes it particularly suited for medical datasets,
which often contain incomplete records. Random Forest's methodology, which builds multiple decision trees and
merges them to get a more accurate and stable prediction, offers a significant advantage in predicting complex
outcomes like diabetes.

Data Input
The dataset originates from the Pima Indians Diabetes Database, accessible on Kaggle, and is aimed specifically
at predicting the onset of diabetes based on various medical predictors. With 2000 data points and 8
independent variables—including Number of Pregnancies, Glucose, Blood Pressure, Skin Thickness, Insulin, BMI,
Diabetes Pedigree Function, and Age —the dataset provides a comprehensive basis for analysis. The target
variable, 'Outcome,' categorizes the patients into two groups: 0 for those without diabetes and 1 for those
diagnosed with the condition, offering a clear binary classification challenge.
Training Process
The training process begins with preprocessing, which involves handling missing data and potentially encoding
categorical variables to prepare the dataset for analysis. Following this, the dataset is split, usually
allocating 70% for training and 30% for testing, to ensure that the model can be trained on a substantial
portion of the data while still being validated on an independent set. The Random Forest model is then
initialized with specific parameters, such as the number of trees and their depth, to fit the model to the
training set. This process involves constructing multiple decision trees on various sub-samples of the dataset
and using averaging to improve the predictive accuracy and control over-fitting.

Prediction Process
Upon completion of the training, the Random Forest model uses the learned patterns to predict the outcome on new
or unseen data, effectively determining the probability of diabetes for each patient. The model outputs a
classification of 0 or 1, representing non-diabetic and diabetic outcomes, respectively. This prediction is
based on the majority vote from all trees in the forest, or in the case of regression tasks, an average
prediction, thereby leveraging the collective insight of multiple decision models for a more accurate and
reliable prediction.
Results
Comparison of Model Accuracy Insightful Model Comparison

• Machine learning classification


Machine Learning Algorithms Result
algorithms developed for
--------------------------------------- prediction of diabetes in
Logistic Regression 79.0 earlier stage. We used 70% of
K-Nearest Neighbors 80.5 data for trining and 30% of data
SVM 84.5 for testing. In this ratio of
Naive Bayes 76.83 data splitting Here we found
Decision Tree 96.0 that Random Forest Classifier
Random Forest 98.0 predicted with 99% of accuracy
AdaBoost Classifier 81.16 as highest accuracy for the
dataset.
Conclusion
The project aimed to create a model identifying diabetes patients at high risk of hospital admission,
addressing the complexity of this prediction. Given the need for improved understanding of admission
risk, the project contributes by proposing an assistive tool. It analyzes factors such as blood glucose
level and body mass index using various machine learning models and retrospective analysis of medical
records. The system predicts diabetes onset based on relevant medical details collected through a web
application. The trained artificial neural network, comprising six dense layers, achieves a reliable 98%
accuracy in predicting whether a person is diabetic or not.
Future Work and Applications
Research Directions Potential Applications

Integrate more diverse datasets for Develop automated screening tools for early
comprehensive analysis. diabetes detection in clinical settings.

Explore other advanced machine learning Create mobile applications for personalized
algorithms for enhanced predictive accuracy. diabetes risk assessment and management.
References
1. Sahoo, K.S., et al.: An evolutionary SVM model for DDOS attack detection in software
defined networks. IEEE Access 8, 132502 –132513 (2020)
2. Sahoo, K.S., et al.: A machine learning approach for predicting DDoS traffic in
software defined networks. In: 2018 International Conference on Information Technology
(ICIT). IEEE (2018)
3. Jakka, A., Vakula Rani, J.: Performance evaluation of machine learning models for
diabetes prediction. Int. J. Innov. Technol. Explor. Eng. (IJITEE) 8(11) (2019). ISSN:
2278-3075
4. Zou, Q., Qu, K., Luo, Y., Yin, D., Ju, Y., Tang, H.: Predicting diabetes mellitus
with machine learning techniques. Bioinform. Comput. Biol. Sect. J. Front. Genet.,
published: 06 2018

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