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Week 4-Data Representation - Binary System

The document discusses data representation in computers including binary systems, bytes, ASCII codes, and number conversions. It explains that computers store data as bits and bytes, with a byte being 8 bits that can represent 256 unique values. The binary system, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal numbering systems are presented along with methods to convert between them. ASCII codes are introduced as a common standard where letters, numbers and symbols are assigned numeric codes for computer storage and processing of text data.

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ddeerraann1
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
24 views

Week 4-Data Representation - Binary System

The document discusses data representation in computers including binary systems, bytes, ASCII codes, and number conversions. It explains that computers store data as bits and bytes, with a byte being 8 bits that can represent 256 unique values. The binary system, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal numbering systems are presented along with methods to convert between them. ASCII codes are introduced as a common standard where letters, numbers and symbols are assigned numeric codes for computer storage and processing of text data.

Uploaded by

ddeerraann1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

1

DATA REPRESENTATION,
BINARY SYSTEM, BIT,
BYTE, ASCII CODE
Objectives
2

In the end of this lecture, the student should know:


 Data representation

 Memory structure in computer

 Binary system and classification

 Storage system and number units

 Conversion Among Bases

 ASCII and ASCII code


Data Representation
3

• Data Representation refers to how Computers store


lots of different types of information:
• numbers
• text
• graphics of many varieties (stills, video, animation)
• sound
Memory Structure in Computer
4

• Memory consists of bits (0 or 1)


– a single bit can represent two pieces of information
• bytes (=8 bits)
– a single byte can represent 256 = 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2 =
28 pieces of information
• words (=2,4, or 8 bytes)
– a 2 byte word can represent 2562 pieces of information
(approximately 65 thousand).
• Byte addressable - each byte has its own address.
Binary system
5
Classifications
6
Storage Units
7
Number Systems
8

Binary (2) Decimal (10) Octal (8) Hexadecimal (16)


0000' 0 0 0000'
0001' 1 1 0001'
0010' 2 2 0010'
0011' 3 3 0011'
0100' 4 4 0100'
0101' 5 5 0101'
0110' 6 6' 0110'
0111' 7 7 0111'
1000' 8 1000'
1001' 9 1001'
1010' 10 A
1011' 11 B
1100' 12 C
1101' 13 D
1110' 14 E
1111' 15 F
Conversion Among Bases
9

 The possibilities:

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Quick Example
10

2510 = 110012 = 318 = 1916

Base
Decimal to Decimal (just for fun)
11

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal

Next slide…
Example
12
Weight

12510 => 5 x 100 = 5


2 x 101 = 20
1 x 102 = 100
125

Base
Binary to Decimal
13

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Binary to Decimal
14

 Technique
 Multiply each bit by 2n, where n is the “weight” of the
bit
 The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on
the right
 Add the results
Example
15

Bit “0”

1010112 => 1 x 20 = 1
1 x 21 =
2
0 x 22 =
0
1 x 23 =
8
0 x 24 =
0
1 x 25 =
32
Octal to Decimal
16

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Octal to Decimal
17

 Technique
 Multiply each bit by 8n, where n is the “weight” of the
bit
 The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on
the right
 Add the results
Example
18

7248 => 4 x 80 = 4
2 x 81 = 16
7 x 82 = 448
46810
Hexadecimal to Decimal
19

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Decimal
20

 Technique
 Multiply each bit by 16n, where n is the “weight” of
the bit
 The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on
the right
 Add the results
Example
21

ABC16 => C x 160 = 12 x 1 = 12


B x 161 = 11 x 16 = 176
A x 162 = 10 x 256 = 2560
274810
Decimal to Binary
22

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Binary
23

 Technique
 Divide by two, keep track of the remainder
 First remainder is bit 0 (LSB, least-significant bit)
 Second remainder is bit 1
 Etc.
Example
24

12510 = ?2 2 125
2 62 1
2 31 0
2 15 1
2 7 1
2 3 1
2 1 1
0 1

12510 = 11111012
Octal to Binary
25

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Octal to Binary
26

 Technique
 Convert each octal digit to a 3-bit equivalent binary
representation
Example
27

7058 = ?2

7 0 5

111 000 101

7058 = 1110001012
Hexadecimal to Binary
28

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Binary
29

 Technique
 Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4-bit equivalent
binary representation
Example
30

10AF16 = ?2

1 0 A F

0001 0000 1010 1111

10AF16 = 00010000101011112
Class work
31

Convert Decimal to Binary


1. (421) 10 = (110100101) 2
2. (1025)10 = (10000000001) 2
3. (368)10 = (101110000) 2
4. (687)10 = (1010101111 ) 2
5. (625)10 = (1001110001) 2
6. (752)10 = (1011110000) 2
Class work
32

Convert Binary to Hexadecimal


1. (10110101001011100010)2 = (B52E2 )16
2. (10000100110110000101)2 = (84D85)16
3. (11100010101010011010)2 = (E2A9A)16
4. (10111100011011101101)2 = (BC6ED)16
5. (0101000110110101010)2 = (28DAA)16
6. (101111111010011010)2 = (2FE9A)16
Class work
33

Convert Hexadecimal to Binary


1. (AF1) 16 = (101011110001) 2
2. (924)16 = (100100100100) 2
3. (3569)16 = (11010101101001) 2
4. (4526)16 = (100010100100110) 2
5. (6548)16 = (110010101001000) 2
6. (1334)16 = (1001100110100) 2
ASCII
34

 The most common code used in computers is ASCII


(American Standard Code for Information
Interchange).
 ASCII provides codes for letters, digits, punctuation
marks, and other special characters.
 The ASCII code for A is 65 = 01000001
ASCII Codes
Sp ! “ # $ % & ‘ ( ) * + , -
32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
. / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ;
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
< = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73
J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W
74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87
X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101
f g h i j k l m n o p q r s
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115
t u v w x y z { | } ~
35
116 117 118 119 120 121 121 123 124 125 126
ASCII representation of Text
36

 Since the ASCII codes for ART are


65, 82, and 84, the three bytes representing the
word ART would be 01000001 0101010
01010100
• Nearly all software which deals with text

(Notepad, WordPerfect, Word) use the ASCII


codes to represent such text, though they may
use proprietary codes to deal with fonts, etc.
37

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