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Block Diagram of Computer

The document describes the basic components and flow of data in a computer system. The input unit takes in data from devices like a keyboard and mouse, converts it to binary for the computer to understand, and sends it to memory. The CPU then processes the data in memory, conducting arithmetic and logical operations controlled by the control unit. Processed data is stored in memory or output through devices like a monitor or printer for the user.

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Aditya Ahuja
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341 views

Block Diagram of Computer

The document describes the basic components and flow of data in a computer system. The input unit takes in data from devices like a keyboard and mouse, converts it to binary for the computer to understand, and sends it to memory. The CPU then processes the data in memory, conducting arithmetic and logical operations controlled by the control unit. Processed data is stored in memory or output through devices like a monitor or printer for the user.

Uploaded by

Aditya Ahuja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Block Diagram of

Computer with Description


Input
All the data received by the computer goes through the input unit. The input
unit comprises different devices like a mouse, keyboard, scanner, etc. In other
words, each of these devices acts as a mediator between the users and the
computer.
The data that is to be processed is put through the input unit. The computer
accepts the raw data in binary form. It then processes the data and produces
the desired output.
The 3 major functions of the input unit are-
a) Take the data to be processed by the user.
b) Convert the given data into machine-readable form.
c) Transmit the converted data into the main memory of the computer. The
sole purpose is to connect the user and the computer. In addition, this
creates easy communication between them.
CPU – Central Processing Unit
1. Central Processing Unit or the CPU, is the brain of the computer. It
works the same way a human brain works. As the brain controls all
human activities, similarly the CPU controls all the tasks.
2. CPU conducts all the arithmetical and logical operations in the
computer.
3. CPU comprises of two units, namely – ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
and CU (Control Unit). Both of these units work in sync. The CPU
processes the data as a whole.
ALU – Arithmetic Logic Unit
1. The Arithmetic Logic Unit is made of two terms, arithmetic and
logic. There are two primary functions that this unit performs.
2. Data is inserted through the input unit into the primary memory.
Performs the basic arithmetical operation on it. Like addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division. It performs all sorts of
calculations required on the data. Then sends back data to the
storage.
3. The unit is also responsible for performing logical operations like
AND, OR, Equal to, Less than, etc. In addition to this it conducts
merging, sorting, and selection of the given data.
CU – Control Unit
1. The control unit as the name suggests is the controller of all the
activities/tasks and operations. All this is performed inside the
computer.
2. The memory unit sends a set of instructions to the control unit. Then
the control unit in turn converts those instructions. After that these
instructions are converted to control signals.
3. These control signals help in prioritizing and scheduling activities.
Thus, the control unit coordinates the tasks inside the computer in
sync with the input and output units.
Memory Unit
1. All the data that has to be processed or has been processed is stored
in the memory unit. The memory unit acts as a hub of all the data. It
transmits it to the required part of the computer whenever necessary.
2. The memory unit works in sync with the CPU. This helps in faster
accessing and processing of the data. Thus, making tasks easier and
quicker.
There are two types of computer memory-
1. Primary memory – This type of memory cannot store a vast amount of data.
Therefore, it is only used to store recent data. The data stored in this is
temporary. It can get erased once the power is switched off. Therefore, is also
called temporary memory or main memory.

RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is an example of primary memory.


This memory is directly accessible by the CPU. It is used for reading and
writing purposes. For data to be processed, it has to be first transferred to the
RAM and then to the CPU. Random Access Memory (RAM) is primary-volatile
memory and Read Only Memory(ROM) is primary-non-volatile memory.
2. Secondary memory – As explained above, the primary memory stores
temporary data. Thus it cannot be accessed in the future. For permanent storage
purposes, secondary memory is used. It is also called permanent memory or
auxiliary memory. The hard disk is an example of secondary memory. Even in a
power failure data does not get erased easily.
Output
1. All the information sent to the computer once processed is received
by the user through the output unit. Devices like printers, monitors,
projectors, etc. all come under the output unit.
2. The output unit displays the data either in the form of a soft copy or
a hard copy. The printer is for the hard copy. The monitor is for the
display. The output unit accepts the data in binary form from the
computer. It then converts it into a readable form for the user.
Summary
1. The data is accepted by the input unit. It is given by the user. It
is then converted into binary form for the computer to read it.
2. The information is then sent to the memory unit for storage
and processing.
3. The required data, that needs to be processed is accessed by
the CPU. It is accessed from the primary storage. The
arithmetic and logical operations are then performed on the
data. The control unit schedules all the activities for the
smooth working of the computer.
4. The data is then sent to the storage unit. It is used for storing
or further processing purposes.
5. Then the output unit receives the final processed output.

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