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Actuator

Actuators are devices that produce motion or action and convert energy into mechanical movement. There are several types of actuators including hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, and electrical. Hydraulic actuators can produce high forces but require many components, while pneumatic actuators are simple but less precise. Electrical actuators offer high precision but higher costs. Actuators are widely used in industrial automation, robotics, construction equipment, solar panels, smart home appliances, and toys to enable different motions. The type of actuator used depends on factors like power availability, required movement, precision needs, and safety.

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124 views21 pages

Actuator

Actuators are devices that produce motion or action and convert energy into mechanical movement. There are several types of actuators including hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, and electrical. Hydraulic actuators can produce high forces but require many components, while pneumatic actuators are simple but less precise. Electrical actuators offer high precision but higher costs. Actuators are widely used in industrial automation, robotics, construction equipment, solar panels, smart home appliances, and toys to enable different motions. The type of actuator used depends on factors like power availability, required movement, precision needs, and safety.

Uploaded by

kylechristiansarmiento
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACTUATORS

Bacanto, Charles Dominique


Bathan, Emanuel
Bebic, Ed Mikael
Espelita, Jerou Jeuell
Javier, Neil Ericson
Objectives
● To identify what is an Actuator
● Learn about the function of Actuator
● Identify the different types (type of motion
and type of medium) of Actuators
● To know what kind of actuator to use in
each situation
● Identify the pros and cons of the 3 types
Actuators
● Understand the common applications of
Actuators.
Actuators

What is an Actuator?

• Actuators are devices used to produce


action or motion.
• Input(mainly electrical signal, air, fluids)
• Electrical signal can be low or high power.
• Actuators output can be position or rate.
• Actuation can be from few microns to
overflow few meters
Actuators
Components that are part of the
functioning of an actuator

● Power source: provides the energy input


that is essential to drive the actuator.
● Power converter: supplies power from
the source to the actuator in accordance
with the measurements set by the
controller.
Actuator
● Actuator: The actual device that
converts the supplied energy to
mechanical force.
● Mechanical load: The energy converted
by the actuator is usually used to make a
mechanical device function.
● Controller: A controller ensures that the
system functions seamlessly with the
appropriate input quantities and other
setpoints decided by an operator.
Motion
Linear Actuators - are devices that produce
movement within a straight path. They can
either be mechanical or electrical and are
mostly seen in hydraulic or pneumatic devices.

Rotary Actuators - creates a circular


motion. From the term “rotary,” most machines
use these rotating parts to complete a turning
movement. They are often used in conjunction
with a linear actuator if a machine requires
moving forward, backward, up, or down.
Types of Actuators

❖ Hydraulic Actuator
❖ Pneumatic Actuator
❖ Mechanical Actuator
❖ Electrical Actuator
In Addition :

❖ Linear Actuator : solenoid, Hydraulic/Pneumatic


❖ Rotary Actuator : motor, Hydraulic/Pneumatic
Types of Actuators

Hydraulic Actuator - It can hold


force and torque constant without
the pump supplying more fluid or
pressure due to the
incompressibility of fluids.

Types of Hydraulic Actuator :

• Linear Actuator
• Rotary Actuator
• Semi-rotary Actuator
Types of Actuators

Pneumatic Actuator - It is a device


that converts energy typically in the
form of compressed air into
mechanical motion.
Types of Actuators

Mechanical Actuator - It
is a mechanisms that use
a source of power to
achieve physical
movement.

Types of Mechanics :

• Screw
• Wheel and axle
• Cam
Types of Actuators

Electrical Actuator - It is a device


that can create movement of a load,
or an action requiring a force such
as clamping, using an electric motor
to create the necessary force.
Actuators

Solenoid:
• A solenoid is a coil wound
into a tightly packed helix.
• It uses electromagnetism to
convert electrical energy
into mechanical motion.
• The movement of the
solenoid may be used to
closed a set of electrical
contacts. cause the
movement of a mechanical
device, or both at the same
time.
Actuators

Solenoid:
• Solenoid are commonly
used to electrically open
doors and latches. Open or
closed valves move and
operate robotic limbs and
mechanisms.

Applications:
• Car door openers
• Pneumatic Valve
Actuators
Motor:
• The motor moves the
stem through the gear
assembly. The motor
reverses its rotation to
either open or close the
valve.
• The clutch and clutch
lever disconnects the
electric motor from the
gear assembly and
allows the valve to be
operated manually with
the handwheel.
Actuators
Principle of motor:
• Every motor works on the
principle that when a current -
carrying conductor is placed
in a magnetic field, it
experiences a mechanical
force

Three types motor used in


control system :

• D.C Motor
• A.C. Motor
• Stepper motor
Pros and Cons
Hydraulic Linear Actuators
➔ Advantages
➔ Hydraulic actuators can hold a constant force without
the pump supplying more fluid due to the use of an
incompressible fluid.
➔ They can produce very high forces and speeds.
➔ Disadvantages
➔ Require many accompanying components including a
fluid reservoir, pumps, motors, release valves, heat
exchangers, and noise reduction equipment.
➔ High maintenance systems with numerous
components to monitor constantly.
Pros and Cons
Pneumatic Linear Actuators
➔ Advantages
➔ A pneumatic linear actuator is very simple.
➔ Often used in areas of extreme temperatures due to the
safety of using air rather than hazardous chemicals or
electricity.
➔ It is a low-cost option.
➔ Disadvantages
➔ Pressure losses and the compressibility of air make
pneumatic devices less capable than other linear motion
methods.
➔ The air can be contaminated by oil or lubrication, leading
to downtime and maintenance.
Pros and Cons
Electric Linear Actuator
➔ Advantages
➔ Electric actuators offer the highest precision.
➔ They can be easily networked and programmed quickly.
Immediate feedback for diagnostics and maintenance is
available.
➔ They are quieter than pneumatic and hydraulic actuators.
➔ Disadvantages
➔ The initial cost is greater than that of pneumatic and
hydraulic actuators.
➔ The electric motors can be large.
Selecting the Right Actuator

• Power Source Availability


• Required Movement
• Precision
• Safety and Environmental Concerns
• Official Guidelines
Application of Actuators
➔ Industrial automation and robotics are the two fields where it is just impossible
to imagine getting anything done without actuators. These parts enable
production machines to move from one place to another and grab objects.
➔ Actuators are also widely used in heavy construction equipment and agricultural
machinery to enable several different sets of movements.
➔ Another beautiful application of actuators can be in solar panels. As the sun
rises and sets during the day, the solar panels equipped with actuators keep
changing their angle to harness maximum solar energy.
➔ In terms household applications, actuators can be found in almost every smart
home appliance, from furniture to robotic vacuum cleaners that require any sort
of manoeuvre. A lot of toys too contain some small actuators built-in them. The
applications are endless.
References:

➔ https://www.wevolver.com/article/what-is-an-actuator-principles-classification-and-ap
plications
➔ https://www.progressiveautomations.com/pages/actuators
➔ https://www.slideshare.net/akashmaurya24/actuatorsppt
➔ https://www.creativemotioncontrol.com/types-of-actuators/
➔ Solenoid Actuators - Transducers - Basics Electronics (ecstudiosystems.com)
➔ https://www.progressiveautomations.com/blogs/products/pros-cons-of-hydraulic-pne
umatic-and-electric-linear-actuators

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