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BM2 Chapter 7 Facility Layout

The document discusses facility layout and line balancing. It defines facility layout as the configuration of departments, work centers, and equipment to optimize the flow of work through the system. Key decisions around facility layout require substantial investments and have long-term impacts on cost and efficiency. The document then reviews basic layout types including product, process, and fixed position layouts. It also discusses line balancing techniques to assign tasks to workstations in a way that equalizes workstation times and maximizes production output. Formulas are provided for calculating output rate, cycle time, theoretical minimum number of workstations, and balancing delay/efficiency.

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Aj Medina
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26 views23 pages

BM2 Chapter 7 Facility Layout

The document discusses facility layout and line balancing. It defines facility layout as the configuration of departments, work centers, and equipment to optimize the flow of work through the system. Key decisions around facility layout require substantial investments and have long-term impacts on cost and efficiency. The document then reviews basic layout types including product, process, and fixed position layouts. It also discusses line balancing techniques to assign tasks to workstations in a way that equalizes workstation times and maximizes production output. Formulas are provided for calculating output rate, cycle time, theoretical minimum number of workstations, and balancing delay/efficiency.

Uploaded by

Aj Medina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FACILITY

LAYOUT
With Line Balancing
Computation

Chapter 7
Layout

The configuration of
departments, work centers,
and equipment, with
particular emphasis on
movement of work
(customers or materials)
through the system.
Importance of Layout Decisions:

Requires substantial Involves long-term Has significant impact


investments of money commitments. on cost and efficiency
and effort. of short-term
operations.
1. Inefficient operations
2. Changes in design of products and
Common services
Reasons For 3. The introduction of new products and
services
Redesign Of
4. Accidents and safety hazards
Layouts
5. Changes in environmental or other legal
requirements
6. Changes in volume of output or mix of
products
7. Changes in methods and equipment
Basic Layout Types:

Product layout uses


standardized processing
operations to achieve
smooth, rapid, high-
volume flow.
Basic Layout Types:

Process layout can handle


varied processing
requirements.
Basic Layout Types:

Fixed Position layout in


which the product or project
remains stationary, and
workers, materials, and
equipment are moved as
needed.
SERVICE
LAYOUT
Service Layout

Warehouse and
Storage Layouts
Service Layout

Retail Layouts
Service Layout

Office Layouts
Service Layout

Restaurant Layouts
Service Layout

Hospital Layouts
Line Balancing

The process of assigning


tasks to workstations in such
a way that the workstations
have approximately equal
time requirements.
Output Rate

= Operating time per day / Cycle time

Assume that the line will operate for eight hours


per day (480 minutes). With a cycle time of 1.0-
minute, output would be:

480 minutes per day


_________________ = 480 units per day
1.0 minute per unit
Cycle Time

It is the maximum time allowed at each workstation to


complete its set of tasks on a unit.

Cycle time = Operating time per day


_______________________
Desired output rate

Minimum cycle time – equal to the longest task.


Maximum cycle time – equal to the sum of task time.
Task Immediate Predecessor Task Time (in minutes)
a - 0.1
b a 1.0
c - 0.7
d b, c 0.5
e d 0.2
∑t = 2.5
Theoretical Minimum Number of
Stations (Nmin)

The number of workstations that will be


needed to function of both the desired
output rate and ability to combine
elemental tasks into workstations.
Nmin = ∑t / Cycle Time
Where:
Nmin = Theoretical minimum number of
stations
Σt = Sum of task times
Suppose the desired rate of output is 480 units per day. The
required cycle time is 1.0 minute. Compute the Nmin.
Task Immediate Predecessor Task Time (in minutes)
a - 0.1
b a 1.0
c - 0.7
d b, c 0.5
e d 0.2
∑t = 2.5

Nmin = ∑t / Cycle Time


= 2.5 minutes per unit / 1 minute per unit per station
= 2.5 stations, ROUND UP TO 3 STATIONS
Precedence Diagram

A diagram that shows


elemental tasks and
their precedence
requirements.
Arrange the tasks shown into three workstations. Use a cycle time of 1.0 minute.
Assign tasks in order of the greatest number of followers.

Workstation Eligible Assign (Task Time) Revised Time Station Idle Time
Remaining
1 a, c A (0.1) 0.9
c, b C (0.7) 0.2
0.2
2 b B (1.0) 0.0 0.0
3 d D (0.5) 0.5
e E (0.2) 0.3
0.3
Total Idle Time = 0.5
Balance Delay - Percentage of idle time of a line.

Percentage of idle time = (Idle time per cycle/(Nactual × Cycle time) x 100
= (.5/(3 x 1.0) x 100)
= 16.7%
Efficiency = 100 % − Percent idle time
= 100% − 16.7%
= 83.3%

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