PENGENALAN DATABASE

Rahmanita Vidyasari, M.T.

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA KEUANGAN DAN PERBANKAN

JURUSAN AKUNTANSI
POLITEKNIK NEGERI JAKARTA
2023
Arsitektur Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi

Komputer Aplikasi

Data Sistem Komunikasi

 TOPICS

• DEFINITION
• MANAGING FILE : BASIC CONCEPTS
• DBMS (DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS)
• DATABASE MODELS
• DATA MINING
• DATABASE & THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
 Definition

DATA

BASIS DATA

INFORMASI
 Definition

DATA

BASIS DATA

INFORMASI
 Definisi

Markas, gudang, tempat

berkumpul, tempat
bersarang, pangkalan
BASIS DATA
INFORMASI?

Data yang telah dikelola dalam bentuk Representasi dari barang, kejadian,
tertentu untuk memberikan makna atau aktivitas, dan Transaksi yang telah
arti bagi penerimanya. (Turban, 2005) tercatat, diklasifikasikan, dan
Data yang digunakan dalam pengambilan disimpan namun belum memiliki
keputusan. (Encyclopedia of Computer makna . Data dapat berupa nilai
Science and Engineer) numerik, alphanumerik, gambar, dan
suara.
(Turban, 2005)
 Definisi

DATABASE
“A well - organized collection of data that are related in a meaningful
way, which can be accessed in different logical orders” (Sumathi &
Esakkirajan, 2010)
“A database is a logically organized collection of related data
designed and built for a specific purpose,” (Williams & Sawyer, 2010)
 Managing File – Basic Concepts
A. A collection of related fields (reflect a
transaction)
1. BITS B. A logically organized collection of related data
designed and built for specific purpose, a
2. CHARACTERS technology for pulling facts that allows the
3. FIELD slicing and dicing and mixing and matching of
data in all kinds of ways.
4. RECORD C. The smallest units of data computer can store
5. FILE in database (0,1; Y,N; On,Off)
D. A unit of data consisting of one or more
6. DATABASE character (represent a fact)
E. A letter, number, or special character. A
combination of bits.
F. A collection of related records.
 TABLE and KEYFILED
Keyfield
Field
Table

NIM Name Class Address

321456 Andi MK 1A Depok
321455 Eko AK 1A Bogor
321458 Putrawan AK1B Bekasi
321459 Nayla BK 1B Bogor

Record
Character

KEYFIELD: A field that is chosen uniquely identify a record

so that can be retrieved and processed
 Entity and Attribute

• ENTITY: Peope, place or something or activity

which is record in database. Ex: Student,
Employee, Product, etc
• ATTRIBUTE: Characteristic or quality which
explain the ENTITY. Ex: Student Name,
Employee birth dates, product colour, etc

Menu
 KEY FIELD

Field in Each Record

Uniquely Identifies THIS Record
For RETRIEVAL
UPDATING
SORTING
 Types of File
• FILE PROGRAM : source code file, files
containing software instruction - example:
*.exe, *.dll, *.lib, etc
• FILE DATA : Files containing data (number,
words, pictures, sound, etc) – example: *.doc ,
*.txt, *.ppt
• Graphics File
• Audio files
• Animation/video file
SEQUENTIAL VS. DIRECT FILE ORGANIZATION

• SEQUENTIAL: Tape oriented; one file

follows another; follows physical sequence
• DIRECT: Disk oriented; can be accessed
without regard to physical sequence
DBMS – Database Management Systems

• A software system that enables users to define, create,

and maintain the database and that provides
controlled access to this database.
Mengapa perlu Basis Data?

Sistem
File

(Sumathi & Esakkirajan, 2010)

 Pendekatan Basis Data
• Data berdiri sendiri (Data Independence)
• Pengaksesan data efisien (Efficient data access)
• Integritas data dan keamanan terjamin (Data integrity
and security )
• Administrasi data (Data administration)
• Dapat diakses bersamaan (Concurrent access )
• Recovery saat terjadi kegagalan (Crash recovery)
• Mengurangi waktu pembangunan aplikasi (Reduced
application development time)
Components of DBMS Environment

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Components of DBMS Environment

• Hardware
– Can range from a PC to a network of computers.
• Software
– DBMS, operating system, network software (if
necessary) and also the application programs.
• Data
– Used by the organization and a description of
this data called the schema.

18
 Components of DBMS Environment

• Procedures
– Instructions and rules that should be applied to
the design and use of the database and DBMS.
• People

19
 Roles in the Database Environment

• Data Administrator (DA)

• Database Administrator (DBA)
• Database Designers (Logical and Physical)
• Application Programmers
• End Users (naive and sophisticated)

20
 Pemanfaatan Basis Data

• Mudah untuk memperoleh informasi tertentu

• Dalam aplikasi, mampu untuk mendapatkan
jawaban pertanyaan-pertanyaan seperti:
– Berapa jumlah mahasiswa yang mengikuti kuliah “Pengantar Basis Data”?
– Siapa saja yang lulus pada periode Agustus tahun ini?
– Berapa persentase mahasiswa yang tidak melakukan registrasi pada semester
lalu?
– Berapa jumlah SKS yang diperoleh oleh mahasiswa dengan NIM 12345?
 History of Database Model
• First-generation
– Hierarchical and Network

• Second generation
– Relational

• Third generation
– Object Relational
– Object-Oriented
– Multidimensional Database

25
 Database Models

• Hierarchical Database
• Network Database
• Relational Database
• Object-Oriented Database
• Multidimensional Database
 Hierarchical Database

In a hierarchical database, fields or records are

arranged in related groups resembling a family
tree, with child (lower-level) records subordinate
to parent (higher-level) records.
The hierarchical database is the oldest and
simplest of the five models
 Network Database

A network database is similar to a hierarchical

database, but each child record can have more
than one parent record.
Thus, a child record, which in network database
terminology is called a member, may be reached
through more than one parent, which is called an
owner.
 Relational Database
• The relational
database relates,
or connects, data
in different files
through the use of
a key, or common
data element
 RELATIONAL DATA MODEL
• DATA IN TABLE FORMAT
• RELATION: TABLE
• TUPLE: ROW (RECORD) IN TABLE
• FIELD: COLUMN (ATTRIBUTE) IN TABLE
*
HOURS RATE TOTAL
ABLE $ 40.50 $ 10.35 $ 419.18
BAXTER $ 38.00 $ 8.75 $ 332.50
CHEN $ 42.70 $ 9.25 $ 394.98
DENVER $ 35.90 $ 9.50 $ 341.05
 TYPES OR RELATIONS

ONE-TO-ONE: STUDENT ID

CLASS
ONE-TO-MANY:
STUDENT STUDENT STUDENT
A B C
CLASS CLASS
MANY-TO-MANY:
1 2

STUDENT STUDENT STUDENT

A B C
 STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE (SQL)

SQL is emerging standard data manipulation

language for relational databases
Ex :
SELECT [Tabel Supplier].[ID SUPPLIER], [Tabel Supplier].[NAMA SUPPLIER],
[Tabel Pembelian].[ID PEMBELIAN], [Tabel Pembelian].[TANGGAL
PEMBELIAN], [Tabel Pembelian].[UTANG DAGANG], [Tabel Pembelian].
[TANGGAL JT]
FROM [Tabel Supplier] INNER JOIN [Tabel Pembelian] ON [Tabel Supplier].[ID
SUPPLIER]=[Tabel Pembelian].[ID SUPPLIER]
WHERE ((([Tabel Pembelian].[UTANG DAGANG])>0));
 ELEMENTS OF SQL

• SELECT: List of columns from tables desired

• FROM: Identifies tables from which columns
will be selected
• WHERE: Includes conditions for selecting
specific rows, conditions for joining multiple
tables

Menu
 Multidimensional Database

• A multidimensional database (MDB) models

data as facts, dimensions, or numerical
measures for use in the interactive analysis of
large amounts of data for decision-making
purposes.
 Data Mining
• Data Mining is a computer-assisted process of
sifting through and analyzing vast amounts of
data in order to extract hidden patterns and
meaning and to discover new knowledge:
 DATA MINING

• THE PROCESS:
1. DATA SOURCES
2. DATA FUSION AND
CLEANSING
3. DATA & META-DATA
4. DATA TRANSPORT TO THE
DATA WAREHOUSE
 APPLICATION OF DATA MINING
• SPORT
• MARKETING
• HEALTH
• SCIENCE
• COUNTERTERRORISM
• SENTIMENT ANALYSIS
• EXPLORING THE “DEEP WEB”