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Geometry

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21 views18 pages

Geometry

Uploaded by

zyx xyz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Plane Geometry

Geometry
• Came from the word geos which means “earth” and “metron” which
means “measurements”.
• Geometry is a branch of mathematics that studies the sizes, shapes,
positions, angles, and dimensions of things.
• Euclid  considered father of Geometry
Polygon – closed space bounded by lines

Name of Polygons Based on Interior Angle


Interior Angles • Convex – no interior angle
Convex greater than 180° or interior
angles are less than 180°.
Concave
• Concave – atleast one interior
Number of Sides angle is greater than 180°.
Based on Number of Sides
No. of Sides Name of Polygon No. of Sides Name of Polygon
3 Triangle or Trigonon 11 Undecagon or Hedecagon
4 Quadrilateral or Tetragon 12 Dodecagon
5 Pentagon 15 Pentadecagon or Quindecagon
6 Hexagon 16 Hexadecagon or Hexakaidecagon
7 Heptagon or Septagon 20 Icosagon
8 Octagon 100 Hectogon
9 Nonagon or Enneagon 1000 Chiliagon
10 Decagon 10000 Myriagon

1,000,000 sided polygon is called Megagon


Regular Polygon – polygons with all sides
equal and all included angles are equal.
• Sum of Interior Angles • Area of n-sides regular polygon

• Each Interior Angles • Area of n-sides regular polygon


inscribed on a circle
• Number of Diagonals
• Area of n-sides regular polygon
circumscribed a circle
• Sum of Exterior Angles
Circles
• Area of Circle • Segment of a Circle

• Circumference of Circle

• Sector of a Circle

• Arc length,
Area and Perimeter of Common Geometric
Figures
• Rectangle – quadrilateral whose • Parallelogram – quadrilateral
adjacent sides are perpendicular. whose opposite sides are
parallel.

• Square – rectangle of equal


sides. • Rhombus – parallelogram of
equal sides.
Area and Perimeter of Common Geometric
Figures
• Trapezoid – quadrilateral whose
one pair of sides are parallel to
each other.
• Cyclic Quadrilateral –
• Trapezium – general quadrilateral inscribed in a circle.
quadrilateral or polygon of 4
sides.
• Ptolemy’s Theorem:
Special Plane Curves
• Ellipse: • Parabolic Segment:
Solid Geometry
Polyhedron is a closed space bounded by
planes.
• Prism – a polyhedron having two • Prismatoid
bases which are equal polygons
in parallel planes and whose
other faces are parallelograms. A1

Amid

• Truncated Prism
A2
Polyhedron
• Cylinder • Cone

• Pyramid • Frustum of a Cone

• Frustum of a Pyramid
Platonic Solid – polyhedron whose faces are
all regular polygons.
Spherical
• Sphere • Spherical Lune

• Spherical Lune
• Spherical Wedge
• Spherical Wedge
Spherical
• Spherical Zone • Spherical Segment

• Spherical Pyramid
• Spherical Cone
Torus (doughnut)
• Volume

• Surface Area
Solids of Revolution
• Ellipsoid • Paraboloid

• Oblate Spheroid – ellipse rotated • Two Base Paraboloid


about its minor axis. c=a

• Prolate Spheroid – ellipse


rotated about its major axis. c=b
Similar Figures
Relations between lengths, area Application of Similar Figure
and volume

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