Energy Conversion Techniques

18EE5OE61
Department: Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Semester: V
Subject Name: ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNIQUES

Subject Code: EE6PE662

L-T-P-C: 3-0-0-3
 Chapter I

Energy Conversion in Machines:

History of energy conversion, Energy resources and
environment, Conversion of mechanical energy to
Electrical Energy and Electrical to Mechanical
Energy. Energy conversion techniques in DC and
AC machines.
 Chapter II

Non-Conventional Energy Sources:

Principle of solar energy, beam and diffuse
radiation, solar electric power generation, solar
water heating, solar pump, solar pond, applications.
Wind energy conversion system, principles of WECS,
basic components of WECS, wind energy collectors.
Bio-gas plants: Principle, classification, conversion
techniques, KVIC digester.
 Chapter III

Nuclear energy conversion:

Nuclear energy conversion techniques : Principle
of operation, working, types and applications
Battery energy conversion : Principle of
operation, working, types and applications
 Chapter IV

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) Fundamentals:

Introduction to electric vehicles, Vehicle model,
HEV- series hybrid vehicle, parallel hybrid
vehicle.
Traction motors: Selection of motors, AC series,
DC series motor, linear induction motor.
 Chapter V

Special Machines: Construction and working of

Universal motor, stepper motor, BLDC motor,
reluctance motor.
Transducers: Classification, selection, strain gauges
(derivation excluded), LVDT, thermocouples.
 Text Books

1.Principles of Electrical Machines V K Mehta &

Rohith Mehta. S Chand & Co., New Delhi.
2. Non-Conventional Sources of Energy, G D Rai,
Khanna Publication.
 Reference Books
1. Special Electrical Machines, E.G.Janardhan PHI,
Edition, 2014
2. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Design
Fundamentals, Iqbal Husain, CRC Press,
E Book- PDF, 2nd Edition, 2011.
3. Transducers and Instrumentation, D V S Murthy,
PHI, E Book- PDF 2nd Edition
4. Fundamentals of Advanced Energy Conversion,
Prof. Jefferson W. Tester, Open Course Ware.
 Course outcome

CO1. Understand the concepts of energy

conversion from one form to another.
CO2. Apply energy conversion techniques for
different energy conversion systems
CO3. Analyse the concept of energy conversion
techniques in energy conversion systems.
CO4. Evaluate the conversion techniques in energy
conversion systems.
History of Energy Conversion
 Energy is the fundamental need of our
everyday life. So much so, that the quality of life
and even its sustenance, is dependent on the
availability of energy. Hence, it is imperative for us
to have a conceptual understanding of the various
sources of energy, the conversion of energy from
one form to another and the implications of these
conversions. Energy transformation is when energy
changes from one form to another – like in a
hydroelectric dam that transforms the kinetic
energy of water into electrical energy.
 While energy can be transferred or
transformed, the total amount of energy does not
change – this is called energy conservation.
Energy conversion also termed as the energy
transformation, is the process of changing one
form of energy into another. Energy conversion
occurs everywhere and every minute of the day.
There are numerous forms of energy like
thermal energy, electrical energy, nuclear energy,
electromagnetic energy, mechanical energy,
chemical energy, sound energy etc.
 The earliest machines were waterwheels,
first used for grinding grain. They were
subsequently adopted to drive sawmills and
pumps, and to provide direct mechanical power
for textile mills. Until the development of steam
power during the Industrial revolutions at the
end of the 18th century, waterwheels were the
primary means of mechanical power production,
rivalled only occasionally by windmills.
 Growing Energy Needs

Energy has always been closely linked to man’s

economic growth and development. Present strategies for
development that have focused on rapid economic growth
have used energy utilization as an index of economic
development. This index, however, does not take into
account the long-term ill effects on society of excessive
energy utilization.
For almost 200 years, coal was the primary energy
source fuelling the industrial revolution in the 19th
century. At the close of the 20th century, oil accounted for
major consumption, followed by coal and natural gas,
while nuclear and hydro/renewable accounted for the
rest.
 Industrialization, urbanization, and
unbelievable rise in human settlements have
multiplied the energy requirement by several
times. Modern lifestyle and man’s growing
dependence on machines and equipment for his
personal and professional work has added to the
energy demand. Global oil demand continues to
grow until 2040, mostly because of the lack of easy
alternatives to oil in road freight, aviation and
petrochemicals, according to WEO.
 Renewable energy systems use resources that are
constantly replaced and are usually less polluting.
Examples include hydropower, solar, wind, and geothermal
(energy from the heat inside the earth). We also get
renewable energy from burning trees and even garbage as
fuel and processing other plants into bio-fuels.
The World Energy Committee states that there exists
no risk-free energy resource and for this reason, while
choosing the energy resources, cost factors must be
considered with environmental effects. Today, prevention
of environment pollution and conservation of environment
have a dimension exceeding national borders.
 The risks that result from using of fossil fuels increasingly
(petroleum, coal, gas) must be decreased (air pollution,
thinning of ozone layer, acid rains etc). To decrease such risks,
besides to increasing of energy productivity, energy resources
that emit less sera gas in the atmosphere (like Carbon-dioxide
(CO2)) must be preferred. Otherwise, destruction of ecological
balance and disasters in future will be inevitable. The negative
effects of renewable energy resources on environment are
lesser than the conventional energy resources. Costs of
renewable energy resources are lesser than the fossil origin
fuels. They never consume as they are renewable and in
contrary to the conventional fuels, they do not exhibit a
significant threat for environment and human health.
 Effects of energy resources on environment are
considered in detail. Especially, effects of
renewable energy resources on environment and
criteria that must be observed in energy
production to prevent environment pollution are
examined. The negative effects of renewable
energy resources on environment are lesser than
the conventional energy resources. Costs of
renewable energy resources are lesser than the
fossil origin fuels.
 D C GENERATOR
Principle of operation: A dc generator is an
electric Machine which converts mechanical
energy into electrical energy (direct current
electricity). This energy conversion is based on the
principle of production of dynamically induced
emf.
 Working principle of a DC generator

According to Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction,

whenever a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field
(OR a conductor is moved in a magnetic field), an emf
(electromotive force) gets induced in the conductor. The
magnitude of induced emf can be calculated from the emf
equation of dc generator. If the conductor is provided with a
closed path, the induced current will circulate within the
path. In a DC generator, field coils produce an
electromagnetic field and the armature conductors are
rotated into the field. Thus, an electromagnetically induced
emf is generated in the armature conductors. The direction of
induced current is given by Fleming’s right hand rule.
 The thumb is pointed in the direction of the motion of
the conductor relative to the magnetic field.
The first finger is pointed in the direction of the
magnetic field. (north to south)
Then the second finger represents the direction of the
induced or generated current within the conductor
 Types Of DC Generators
DC generators are classified based on how their
fields are excited (i.e. produced). There are two
methods of excitation, and thus two main types of
DC generators are
1. Seperately Excited Generators
2. Self Excited Generators
a) Series wound Generators
b) Shunt wound Generators
c) Compound wound Generators
Separately Excited Generator
Series Field Generator
Shunt Field Generator
Compound Wound Generators
 Application of DC Generators
Separately Excited DC Generators :
This type of dc generators are generally more expensive than self
excited dc generators because of their requirement of separate
excitation source. They are generally used where the use of self-
excited generators are unsatisfactory.
Because of their ability of giving wide range of voltage output,
they are generally used for testing purpose in the laboratories.
Separately excited generators operate in a stable condition with
any variation in field excitation. Because of this property they are
used as supply source of DC Motors, whose speeds are to be
controlled for various applications. Example- Ward Leonard
Systems of speed control.
 Shunt Wound DC Generators

The application of shunt generators is very much restricted

for its dropping voltage characteristic. They are used to
supply power to the apparatus situated very close to its
position. These type of dc generators generally give
constant terminal voltage for small distance operation
with the help of field regulators from no load to full load.
1.They are used for general lighting.
2.They are used to charge battery because they can be
made to give constant output voltage.
3.They are used for giving the excitation to the alternators
4.They are also used for small power supply (such as a
portable generator).
 Series Wound DC Generators

These types of generators are restricted for the use of power

supply because of their increasing terminal voltage
characteristic with the increase in load current from no load
to full load. For this property they can be used as constant
current source and employed for various applications.
1. They are used for supplying field excitation current in DC
locomotives for regenerative breaking.
2. This types of generators are used as boosters to
compensate the voltage drop in the feeder in various types of
distribution systems such as railway service.
3. In series arc lightening this type of generators are mainly
used.
 Compound Wound DC Generators

Among various types of DC generators, the compound wound dc generators

are most widely used because of its compensating property. Depending upon
number of series field turns, the cumulatively compounded generators may
be over compounded, flat compounded and under compounded. We can get
desired terminal voltage by compensating the drop due to armature reaction
and ohmic drop in the in the line. Such generators have various applications.
Cumulative compound wound generators are generally used for lighting,
power supply purpose and for heavy power services because of their
constant voltage property. They are mainly made over compounded.
Cumulative compound wound generators are also used for driving a motor.
For small distance operation, such as power supply for hotels, offices, homes
and lodges, the flat compounded generators are generally used.
The differential compound wound generators, because of their large
demagnetization armature reaction, are used for arc welding where huge
voltage drop and constant current is required.
 DC MOTOR
Principle of Operation

If a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic

field, then the conductor experiences a force in the
direction mutually perpendicular to both the direction
of field and the current carrying conductor. Fleming’s
Left-Hand Rule can determine the direction of rotation
of the motor. If we extend the index finger, middle
finger and thumb of our left-hand perpendicular to each
other in such a way that middle finger is in the direction
of current in the conductor, and index finger is along the
direction of magnetic field, i.e., north to south pole,
then thumb indicates the direction of the created
mechanical force.
The Thumb represents the direction of the
Thrust on the conductor / Motion of the
Conductor
The Fore finger represents the direction of the
magnetic Field
The Centre finger represents the direction of the
Current.
Types of DC motor :
1. Separately Excited DC Motor
2. Self Excited DC Motor
a) Shunt Motor
b) Series Motor
c) Compound Motor
Short shunt DC Motor
Long shunt DC Motor
Differential Compound
Cumulative Compound
While discussing dc motor characteristics, the
following two relations should always be kept in
mind :
Ta ∝ ΦIa and
N ∝ Eb/Φ
 Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor
Ta/Ia Characteristic (Electrical)

We know that Ta ∝ ΦIa

In dc shunt motor, the shunt field flux φ does not significantly
vary with load. Although there may be a slight change in field flux
with load current due to phenomenon armature reaction. As this
change is not much significant compared to the variation of load
current, we can consider field flux φ as a constant. Hence we can
ultimately say the torque in dc shunt motor merely is directly
proportional to the armature current.
Ta ∝ Ia
Hence we get a linear characteristics.
If we try to start a shunt DC motor with heavy
mechanical load, the machine tries to draw a
proportionally huge current from the source to
produce required massive torque for starting
propose. Because here in the shunt DC motor
armature torque is merely proportional to
armature current. Hence, this large current at the
starting point may damage the armature winding
or may fuse the supply mains. For that reason, we
usually do not start a shunt DC motor with any
mechanical load attached to the machine.
 N/Ia Characteristic
We have already told that in a dc shunt motor there is
no significant change in field flux with changing the
load. Again practically, we can assume, the back EMF of
a dc motor is approximately constant. Again, we know
that the speed of a shunt DC motor is proportional to
the ratio of back EMF to field flux.
As both flux and back EMF are approximately constant
in a dc shunt motor, the speed is more or less constant
throughout its operation. N ∝ Eb/Φ ie. N ∝ Eb
Because of this constant speed property, we can use dc
shunt motors where stable speed operation is essential. That
means where there would be a high chance of sudden
withdrawing of the load from the machine during operation.
Because sudden withdrawn of pressure from the motor does
not significantly change the speed. For this reason, we use
shunt motor widely for driving shifting tools, different
machine tools, cutting tools, laths, wood cutting machines,
and in all other purposes where speed should remain
constant within the entire loading condition. We have drawn
the relation between speed and armature current of a DC
shunt above as in the figure above.
Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor
 Applications
DC Sunt Motors
The shunt motors are used where constant speed is required
and starting conditions are not severe. It is a constant speed
motor. Where the speed is required to remain almost constant
from no load to full load. Where the load has to be driven at a
number of speeds and any one of which is nearly constant.
Industrial use:
1.Lathes
2.Drills
3.Boring mills
4.Shapers
5.Spinning and Weaving machines.
 Characteristics of DC Series Motor
Ta/Ia Characteristic (Electrical)

We have seen that in series motor Ta ∝ ΦIa. In a series motor, as field windings
also carry the armature current, Φ ∝ Ia up to the point of magnetic saturation.
Hence, before saturation,
Ta ∝ ΦIa and ∴ Ta ∝ Ia2
At light loads, Ia and hence Φ is small. But as Ia increases, Ta increases as
the square of the current. Hence, Ta/Ia curve is a parabola as shown in the
figure. After saturation, Φ is almost independent of Ia hence Ta ∝ Ia only. So
the characteristic becomes a straight line. The shaft torque Tsh is less than
armature torque due to stray losses. It is shown dotted in the figure.
So we conclude that (prior to magnetic saturation) on heavy loads, a series
motor exerts a torque proportional to the square of armature current.
Hence, in cases where huge starting torque is required for
accelerating heavy masses quickly as in hoists and electric trains, etc., series
motors are used.
 N/Ia Characteristic

Variations of speed can be deduced from the formula N ∝ Eb/Φ

Change in Eb, for various load currents is small and hence may be
neglected for the time being. With increased Ia, Φ also increases.
Hence, speed varies inversely as armature current as shown in the
figure. When the load is heavy, Ia is large. Hence, speed is low (this
decreases Eb and allows more armature current to flow).
But when load current and hence Ia falls to a small value, speed
becomes dangerously high. Hence, a series motor should never be
started without some mechanical (not belt-driven) load on it
otherwise it may develop excessive speed and get damaged due to
heavy centrifugal forces so produced.
It should be noted that the series motor is a variable speed motor.
 N/Ta Characteristic (Mechanical)
It is found from above that when speed is high,
torque is low and vice-versa.
It is clear that series motor develops high torque
at low speed and vice-versa.
It is because an increase in torque requires an
increase in armature current, which is also the
field current. The result is that flux is
strengthened and hence the speed drops
Characteristics of DC Series Motor
DC Series Motors
The series DC motors are used where high starting torque is required,
and variations in speed are possible. It is a variable speed motor. The
speed is low at high torque at light or no load, the motor speed attains
dangerously high speed. The motor has a high starting torque.
(elevators,electric traction)
Industrial Uses:
1.Electric traction
2.Cranes
3.Elevators
4.Air compressor
5.Vacuum cleaner
6.Hair drier
7.Sewing machine
3 Phase Induction Motor
An induction motor is the most modest electrical machine from
constructional point of view, in the majority of the cases.
Induction motor works on the principle of induction where
electro-magnetic field is induced into the rotor when rotating
magnetic field of stator cuts the stationary rotor. Induction
machines are by far the most common type of motor used in
industrial, commercial or residential settings. It is a three phase
ac motor. Its characteristic features are:
Simple and rugged construction
Low cost and minimum maintenance
High dependability and sufficiently high proficiency
Needs no additional starting motor and necessity not be
synchronized
 Like any other type of electrical motor induction
motor, a 3 phase induction motor is constructed
from two main parts, namely the rotor and stator:
Stator: As its name indicates stator is a
stationary part of induction motor. A stator winding
is placed in the stator of induction motor and the
three phase supply is given to it.
Rotor: The rotor is a rotating part of induction
motor. The rotor is connected to the mechanical
load through the shaft.
 Parts of an Induction Motor
Stator:
The stator is made up of various stampings with
slots to carry three phase windings. It is wound for
a distinct number of poles. The windings are
geometrically divided 120 degrees separated. Two
sorts of rotors are used in Induction motors:
Squirrel cage rotor and Wound rotor. No DC field
current is required to run the machine. Rotor
voltage is induced in the rotor windings rather
than being physically connected by wires.
The slots on the periphery of the stator core of the
three-phase induction motor carry three phase
windings. We apply three phase ac supply to this
three-phase winding. The three phases of the
winding are connected either in star or delta
depending upon which type of starting method
we use. The winding wound on the stator of three
phase induction motor is also called field winding,
and when this winding is excited by three phase ac
supply, it produces a rotating magnetic field.
Depending upon the type of rotor construction
used the three phase induction motor are
classified as:
1.Squirrel Cage Induction Motor
2.Slip ring induction motor or wound induction
motor or phase wound induction motor.
 The rotor of the squirrel cage three phase
induction motor is cylindrical and have slots on its
periphery. The slots are not made parallel to each
other but are bit skewed as the skewing prevents
magnetic locking of stator and rotor teeth and
makes the working of the motor more smooth and
quieter. The squirrel cage rotor consists of copper
bars called rotor conductors and are placed in the
slots on the periphery of the rotor. The rotor
conductors are permanently shorted by the copper
rings called the end rings.
 These rotor conductors are braced to the end
ring and hence form a complete closed circuit
resembling like a cage and hence got its name as
squirrel cage induction motor. As end rings
permanently short the bars, the rotor resistance is
quite small, and it is not possible to add external
resistance as the bars get permanently shorted.
The absence of slip ring and brushes make the
construction of Squirrel cage three-phase induction
motor very simple and robust and hence widely
used three phase induction motor.
Advantages of Squirrel Cage Induction Rotor:
Its construction is very simple and rugged.
As there are no brushes and slip ring, these motors
requires less maintenance.

Applications of Squirrel Cage Induction Rotor:

We use the squirrel cage induction motors in
lathes, drilling machine, fan, blower printing
machines, etc.
 Slip Ring or Wound Rotor Three Phase Induction Motor

The rotor consists of numbers of slots and rotor

winding are placed inside these slots. The three end
terminals are connected together to form a star
connection. As its name indicates, three phase slip ring
induction motor consists of slip rings connected on the
same shaft as that of the rotor. The three ends of three-
phase windings are permanently connected to these slip
rings. The external resistance can be easily connected
through the brushes and slip rings and hence used for
speed controlling and improving the starting torque of 3
phase induction motor. The brushes are used to carry
current to and from the rotor winding.
 At starting, the resistance is connected to the
rotor circuit and is gradually cut out as the rotor
pick up its speed. When the motor is running the
slip ring are shorted by connecting a metal collar,
which connects all slip ring together, and the
brushes are also removed. This reduces the wear
and tear of the brushes. Due to the presence of slip
rings and brushes the rotor construction becomes
somewhat complicated therefore it is less used as
compare to squirrel cage induction motor.
Advantages of Slip Ring Induction Motor:
It has high starting torque and low starting current.
Possibility of adding additional resistance to
control speed.
Application of Slip Ring Induction Motor:
Slip ring induction motor are used where high
starting torque is required i.e in hoists, cranes,
elevator etc.
 Difference between Slip Ring and Squirrel Cage Induction Motor

Slip ring or phase wound Squirrel cage induction motor

Induction motor
Construction is complicated Construction is very simple
due to presence of slip ring
and brushes
The rotor winding is similar to The rotor consists of rotor bars
the stator winding which are shorted with the
help of end rings
We can easily add rotor Since the rotor bars are
resistance by using slip ring permanently shorted, its not
and brushes possible to add external
resistance
Due to presence of external Staring torque is low and
resistance high starting torque cannot be improved. Squirrel
can be obtained used where cage induction motor is used
high starting torque is in lathes, drilling machine, fan,
required i.e in hoists, cranes, blower printing machines etc
elevator etc
 Difference between Slip Ring and Squirrel Cage Induction Motor

Slip ring and brushes are Slip ring and brushes are
present absent
Frequent maintenance is
required due to presence of Less maintenance is required
brushes
The construction is The construction is simple and
complicated and the presence robust and it is cheap as
of brushes and slip ring makes compared to slip ring
the motor more costly induction motor
This motor is rarely used only Due to its simple construction
10% industry uses slip ring and low cost. The squirrel cage
induction motor induction motor is widely used
Rotor copper losses are high Less rotor copper losses and
and hence less efficiency hence high efficiency
Speed control by rotor
Speed control by rotor
resistance method is not
resistance method is possible
possible
Squirrel Cage
Slip Ring (Wound Rotor)
 Principle of operation

When the motor is excited with a three-phase

supply, three-phase stator winding produces a
rotating magnetic field with 120 displacements at a
constant magnitude which rotates at synchronous
speed (Ns=120f/P). This changing magnetic field
cuts the rotor conductors and induces a current in
them according to the principle of Faraday’s laws of
electromagnetic induction. As these rotor
conductors are shorted, the current starts to flow
through these conductors.
In the presence of the magnetic field of the stator,
rotor conductors carrying are placed, and
therefore, according a mechanical force acts on the
rotor conductor. Thus, all the rotor conductors
force, i.e., the sum of the mechanical forces
produces torque in the rotor which tends to move
it in the same direction of the rotating magnetic
field.
 Why Rotor never runs at Synchronous Speed?

The speed of the rotor is always less than the rotating

magnetic field or synchronous speed. The rotor tries to the
run at the speed of the rotor, but it always slips away. If the
speed of the rotor is equal to the synchronous speed, no
relative motion occurs between the rotating magnetic field
of the stator and the conductors of the rotor. Thus the EMF
is not induced on the conductor, and zero current develops
on it. Without current, the torque is also not produced.
Because of the above mention reasons the rotor never
rotates at the synchronous speed. The speed of the rotor is
always less than the speed of the rotating magnetic field.
If Ns is the Synchronous speed (speed of RMF) and
N is the actual speed of the motor (rotor), then
Slip s = (Ns-N)/Ns
If fis the supply frequency and s is the slip, then
frequency of the induced emf (current) I the rotor
is given by f’ = s f
Torque is given by T (sE2²)R2/ R2² + sX2²
 Slip-Torque Characteristic
The torque, T of a three phase Induction Motor is given by
T=(KΦs E2R2) / (R2²+(sX2)2) or T∝ (sE2²)R2/ R2² + sX2²

Where,
Φ = flux
S = slip
E2 = Rotor induced EMF per Phase at standstill
R2 = Rotor resistance per phase
X2 = Rotor reactance per phase at standstill
K = a constant
The slip torque curves for various ranges of slip with different R 2 are
drawn. For slip values ranging from 0 to 1 these curves are drawn.
Case-1:
From the above relation when s=0, then the torque, T is also zero.
Therefore, the curve starts from (0, 0).
Case-2:
When the speed of the rotor is near about the synchronous speed,
then the slip s value is very small. Therefore the term (s.X2) is
small. On comparing this value with R2, the value (s.X2) is negligible.
Substituting these values in the torque equation, we get,
T = (KΦsE2R2) / R22
T ∝ s / R2’ Since Φ, E2 are constants.
Or, T∝s, if R2 is constant. From this, it is understood that for low
values of slip the torque slip, curve is more or less a straight line.
Case-3:
When the load on the motor increases, the rotor speed falls down.
Then the slip value increases. From the above relation it is seen that, when slip
s increases the torque, T also increases. The torque will attain a maximum
value, at s = (R2/X2). This torque is called pull out or break down or stalling
torque. Further increases in load on the motor causes, the slip to increase still
more. For higher values of slip, R2 is negligible as compare to (sX2). Then the
torque equation becomes,

T∝ {(KΦsE2)/(sX2)2’}
T∝ {s/(sX2)2’}, since Φ & E2 are constant.
T∝ 1/s i.e. X2 is constant

Therefore, for higher values of slip, the torque slip curve is a rectangular
hyperbola.
For various values of R, the family of torque slip curve is as
shown in the figure 1. From these curves, it is clear that,
beyond the point of maximum torque, the increased load
on the motor results in a decrease in torque developed. Any
further more increase in load on the motor results in the
slowing down of motor and it finally stops. The speed of the
motor comes to zero, when the slip reaches to 1. (if the load
on the motor is too much, the rotor speed comes to zero
and it stops, then slip s = (Ns – 0) / Ns and equal to 1).
Hence the stable operating region of the motor lies for the
slip values, s=0, and that corresponds to maximum torque.
The operating region is indicating hatched in the figure
 Applications
Three-phase AC induction motors have various uses in
commercial and industrial applications. The two types of
three-phase induction motors are squirrel cage and slip
ring motors. The features which make the squirrel cage
motors widely applicable are mainly their simple design
and rugged construction.
Fan, Blowers, Machine tools,
Compressor, Crushers, Conveyors,
Bulldozers, Die stamping, etc.
With external resistors, the slip ring motors can
have high starting torque. Slip ring inductor motor
have High Starting Torque and low starting current
so the load which require this operational
condition uses slip ring type rotor induction motor.
Ex :- Conveyors, Cranes, Compressors, Elevators,
Hoist etc.
Applications of Three Phase Induction Motor
Lifts
Cranes
Hoists
Large capacity exhaust fans
Driving lathe machines
Crushers
Oil extracting mills
Textile and etc.