Sol u ti o n s

n ta r y
ElemeING WILD
O
UNIT 6: G mmar
Gra
 UNIT MAP
Vocabulary & Word skills
Wild animals, parts of an Reading
01 animal, past time expressions, 04 Stranger than fiction?
the natural world; prepositions
of movement and place…

Grammar Speaking
02 Past simple affirmative (regular)
Past simple: be and can
05 Photo description

Listening Writing
03 Missing sounds 06 A postcard
LEARN THIS! Past simple (affirmative): regular verbs
1. The past simple affirmative of regular verbs ends in –ed.
a. With most verbs, we add –ed to the infinitive without to:
work → worked
b. If the verb ends in –e, we just add –d:
like → liked
c. If the verb ends in –y, the –y changes to –ied:
carry → carried
d. If the verb ends in a vowel and a consonant, we usually double
the consonant before adding –ed:
chat → chatted
2. The past simple of be is was or were:
wasn't = was not weren't = were not
LEARN THIS! Past time expressions

a. We use the past simple for an action or event at a definite point

in the past. We often use it with past time expression: a few
minutes ago, last month, last night, last week, ten years ago, three
hours ago, two months ago, yesterday, yesterday morning, etc.

b. We usually put the time expressions at the beginning or end of

the sentence.

We visited our cousins this morning.

Yesterday, I cycled to school.

Task 1. Look at the highlighted past simple verbs in the text and match two
with each spelling rule (a-d).

a. With most verbs, we add –ed to the infinitive

without to

b. If the verb ends in –e, we just add –d

c. If the verb ends in –y, the –y changes to –ied

d. If the verb ends in a vowel and a consonant, we

usually double the consonant before adding –ed

a. worked, sailed
b. loved, caused
c. studied, tried
d. travelled, stopped
Task 2. Listen and repeat these past simple forms. In which verbs
is the –ed ending an extra syllable pronounced /ɪd/?
What is the rule?

arrived chatted decided interrupted liked

needed planned visited worked

1. In which verbs is the –ed ending an extra syllable

pronounced /ɪd/?
chatted, decided, interrupted, needed, visited
2. What is the rule?
When a verb ends in /t/ or /d/, we pronounce the extra
syllable as /ɪd/.
Task 3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of be.

weren’t at school yesterday. Why not?

1. Fran and Harry _______
was Thursday.
2. Today is Friday. Yesterday _______
wasn’t
Were you at the cinema last night?' 'No, I _______.’
3. ' _______
were on the table, but they aren't there now.
4. My keys _______
wasn’t in the lab. She was in the teacher's
5. The science teacher _______
room.
Was the weather good when you _______
6. ‘_______ were in France last
was OK. It was sunny, but it _______
week?' 'It _______ wasn’t very warm.'
LEARN THIS! Pronunciation of –ed
The pronunciation of words ending in –ed depends on the final consonant
(sound). There are three ways to pronounce –ed:
Task 4. Say the past simple forms of these regular verbs. Pay
attention to the endings.
• end /endɪd/ • wait /weɪtɪd/
• live /lɪvd/ • walk /wɔːkt/
• start /stɑːtɪd/ • want /wɒntɪd/
• stop /stɒpt/ • watch /wɒtʃt/
• travel /ˈtrævld/
Task 5. Choose the correct verb
for each gap. Then complete
worked
the text with past simple wanted
affirmative form. moved lived
studied
married
loved

planned
trained
started
travelled
arrived
described
Task 6. Complete the sentences with the past simple
affirmative form of the verbs below.

chat live stop travel

wait walk

1. I walked into town last night.

travelled around Italy last summer.
2. My cousins _________
waited three hours for a bus.
3. We _________
lived in America for years.
4. His grandparents _________
stopped an hour ago.
5. The rain _________
chatted to my neighbour yesterday morning.
6. I _________
LEARN THIS! Past simple: can
a. The past simple of can is could. The form of could are the same for all
persons.
couldn’t = could not
b. We use the infinitive without to after could, not an infinitive with to.
I could see everything.
NOT I could to see everything.
c. Forms of can in past simple:
Affirmative: I / he / she / it / you / we / they + could + V-inf.
Negative: I / he / she / it / you / we / they + couldn’t + V-inf.
Interrogative and short answers:
Could + I / he / she / it / you / we / they + could + V-inf?
Yes, S could. / No, S couldn’t.
Task 7. Complete the sentences. Use couldn't and because,
and the phrases below.
the sea
I wasn't it was it was too she wasn't
he was full was very
well raining windy tired
rough
1. we / have a barbecue in the garden ...
We couldn't have a barbecue in the garden because it was raining.
2. Josh / swim ...
Josh couldn’t swim because the sea was very rough.
3. I / go to school ...
I couldn’t go to school because I wasn’t well.
4. Liam / finish his burger ...
Liam couldn’t finish his burger because he was full.
5. we / put up the tent ...
We couldn’t put up the tent because it was too windy.
6. Harriet / sleep ...
Harriet couldn’t sleep because she wasn’t tired.
Task 8. Complete the dialogue with the correct past simple
form of be or can (affirmative, negative or interrogative).
Zoe: Where (1) _____
were you last night? You (2) _______
weren’t at Leah’s party.
Marcus: No, I (3) __________
couldn’t go to the party. (4) _______
Was it good?
Zoe: No, it (5) _______.
wasn’t
Marcus: Oh, why not?
Zoe: The music (6) _______
wasn’t very good, and it (7) _______
was too loud. I
(8) _________
couldn’t hear people talk! And the neighbours (9) _______
could hear
the music. They (10) _______
weren’t very happy! They complained!
Marcus: Oh, dear. (11) _______
Was the food good?
Zoe: It (12) _______
was OK. But at the end of the party I (13) _______
couldn’t
find my coat! I think someone else has got it now.
Marcus: Oh, nom what a nightmare!
Task 9. Write questions from the prompts. Use the past
simple form of be and can.
1. swim / four
Could you swim when you were four?
2. count to ten in English / seven
Could you count to ten in English when you were seven?
3. write your name / three
Could you write your name when you were three?
4. talk / two
Could you talk when you were two?
5. walk / one
Could you walk when you were one?
6. ride a bike / six
Could you ride a bike when you were six?
 PANTADO
See you next time!

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