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The document provides examples of using the chain rule to calculate derivatives of composite functions. It gives step-by-step solutions for finding the second derivative of a function y with respect to time when y is defined in terms of other variables that are themselves functions of time. It also shows how to apply the chain and product rules to take derivatives of radial coordinates defined parametrically in terms of angular coordinates.

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Syed Yousufuddin
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57 views8 pages

ExamplesAppC Accessible

The document provides examples of using the chain rule to calculate derivatives of composite functions. It gives step-by-step solutions for finding the second derivative of a function y with respect to time when y is defined in terms of other variables that are themselves functions of time. It also shows how to apply the chain and product rules to take derivatives of radial coordinates defined parametrically in terms of angular coordinates.

Uploaded by

Syed Yousufuddin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics

Fifteenth Edition

Appendix C

The Chain Rule

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Example C-1 (1 of 2)
If y  x3 and x  t 4, find 
y , the second derivative of y with
respect to time.
Solution
Using the chain rule, Equation. C-1,
y  3 x 2 x

To obtain the second time derivative we must use the product


rule since x and x are both functions of time, and also, for
3x 2 the chain rule must be applied. Thus,
u  3 x 2 and v  x , We have
y  6 xx  x  3 x 2  x 


 3 x  2 x2  xx 
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Example C-1 (2 of 2)
Since x  t 4 , then x  4t 3 and 
x  12t 2 so that
y  3(t 4 )  2(4t 3 ) 2  t 4 (12t 2 ) 
 132t10
Note that this result can also be obtained by combining the
functions, then taking the time derivatives, that is,
y  x 3  (t 4 )3  t12
y  12t11
y  132t10

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Example C-2 (1 of 2)
If y  xe x , find y
Solution
Since x and e x are both functions of time the product and
x
chain rules must be applied. Have u = x and v = e
y  x e x  x e x x 
The second time derivative also requires application of the
product and chain rules. Note that the product rule applies to
the three time variables in the last term, i.e., x, e , and x .
x

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Example C-2 (2 of 2)
  
y   x e x  x e x x    x e x x  x e x x  x  xe x  x 
 
 e x  
x(1  x)  x 2 (2  x) 
If x  t 2 then x 2t , x  2 so that in terms in t, we have
2
y  et  2(1  t 2 )  4t 2 (2  t 2 ) 

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Example C-3
If the path in radial coordinates is given as r  5 2 , where θ
is a Known function of time, find  r.
Solution
First, using the chain rule then the chain and product rules
where u  10 and v   , We have
r  5 2
r  10
r  10 (
 )   ( ) 

 102  10

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Example C-4
If r 2  6 3 , find 
r
Solution
Here the chain and product rules are applied as follows.
r 2  6 3
2rr  18 2
2 (r
)r  r (r )   18 (2
)   2 ( ) 
r2  rr  9(22   2 )
To find 
r at a specified value of θ which is a known function
of time, we can first find and  . Then using these values,
evaluate r from the first equation, r from the second
equation and r using the last equation.

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Copyright

This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided


solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing
student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work
(including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work
and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be
made available to students except by instructors using the
accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are
expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended
pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on
these materials.

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