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    Dosage Forms

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Faizan
    This document discusses pharmaceutical dosage forms and their classification. It begins by defining dosage forms as finished drug products containing active and inactive ingredients intended for human or animal use. Dosage forms are classified by route of administration (oral, parenteral, inhaled, topical) and physical form (solid, semi-solid, liquid). Several common oral dosage forms are described in detail including tablets, capsules, sachets, lozenges, pills, and various liquid preparations. Other routes such as parenteral, inhalation, topical, ophthalmic, otic, rectal and vaginal are also summarized.

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    Dosage Forms

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Faizan
    30 views35 pages
    This document discusses pharmaceutical dosage forms and their classification. It begins by defining dosage forms as finished drug products containing active and inactive ingredients intended for human or animal use. Dosage forms are classified by route of administration (oral, parenteral, inhaled, topical) and physical form (solid, semi-solid, liquid). Several common oral dosage forms are described in detail including tablets, capsules, sachets, lozenges, pills, and various liquid preparations. Other routes such as parenteral, inhalation, topical, ophthalmic, otic, rectal and vaginal are also summarized.

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    Dosage forms

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    This document discusses pharmaceutical dosage forms and their classification. It begins by defining dosage forms as finished drug products containing active and inactive ingredients intended for human or animal use. Dosage forms are classified by route of administration (oral, parenteral, inhaled, topical) and physical form (solid, semi-solid, liquid). Several common oral dosage forms are described in detail including tablets, capsules, sachets, lozenges, pills, and various liquid preparations. Other routes such as parenteral, inhalation, topical, ophthalmic, otic, rectal and vaginal are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    30 views35 pages

    Dosage Forms

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Faizan
    This document discusses pharmaceutical dosage forms and their classification. It begins by defining dosage forms as finished drug products containing active and inactive ingredients intended for human or animal use. Dosage forms are classified by route of administration (oral, parenteral, inhaled, topical) and physical form (solid, semi-solid, liquid). Several common oral dosage forms are described in detail including tablets, capsules, sachets, lozenges, pills, and various liquid preparations. Other routes such as parenteral, inhalation, topical, ophthalmic, otic, rectal and vaginal are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 35

    Dosage Forms

    Waheed Iqbal (MPhil Pharmacology) (PhD scholar Pharmacology)


    Department of Pharmacology, KMC Peshawar
    Dosage form
     Are Pharmaceutical drug products in the form in which they are
    marketed for use, with a specific mixture of active and inert ingredients
    OR
     Dosage form are finished pharmaceutical products intended for
    human or animal use e.g Panadol (paracetamol), Brufen (ibuprofen)
    etc.
    Dosage forms are classified on the basis of
    Route of
    Physical form
    administration
    Oral Solid

    Parenteral
    Semi solid
    Inhaled
    Liquid
    Topical
    Others (Ophthalmic, Gaseous
    Otic, Rectal, vaginal)
    Oral Dosage forms
    Tablets
    Solid Capsules
    preparation Sachets
    Lozenges
    Pills
    Powder
    Syrups
    Liquid Suspension
    preparation Emulsion
    Elixirs
    Linctus
    Mixtures
    Tablets
     A Tablet is hard, compressed medication in
    round, oval, square shape or any other shape.
     It’s a solid dosage form that contain unit dose
    of one or more medicaments.
     The tablets are prepared by mould or
    compression method.
    Capsules
    Medicinal substances enclosed in a shell. Drugs having unpleasant taste are
    given by this method. Capsules have two types.

    1. Hard Gelatin Capsule 2. Soft Gelatin Capsule


    Sachets
    Sachets are small sealed bag or packet
    containing drug powder. They are
    usually intended to be dissolved in
    water prior to use.
    Lozenges
    • Solid dosage form in which the
    medications are intended to be
    dissolved in mouth.
    • They are used to lubricate and soothe
    the irritated throat (sore throat).
    Pills
    Spherical or oval masses containing
    one or more medicinal substances.
    Maximum weight being 300mg.
    They are usually sugar coated for
    e.g.
    Oral contraceptives
    Liquid preparations

    Suspension
    Heterogeneous mixture in which particles
    of insoluble drugs are kept suspended by
    means of a suitable suspending agent like
    gum acacia or gum tragacanth.
    Emulsion
    Liquid preparations containing
    2 immiscible liquids i.e.(water
    and oil) which are made
    miscible by the help of suitable
    emulsifying agents (Tragacanth).
    Syrups
    Clear Concentrated aqueous
    solution of sucrose or other sugar
    to which medicinal substances
    and flavoring agents are added.
    Elixirs
    Pleasantly flavored and are
    sweet liquid preparations.
    They contain a high proportion
    of alcohol or glycerin or
    propylene glycol .
    Linctus
    Thick viscous preparations
    containing sucrose and medicinal
    substances. They possess demulcent,
    expectorant and suitable sedative
    properties. They are mainly used for
    cough relief.
    Mixtures
    Liquid preparations containing
    one or more drugs dissolved
    in an aqueous vehicles. They
    are usually flavored for
    internal administration.
    Parenteral Dosage form
    Injections
     Either sterile solutions or suspension.
     They are used to administer the drugs which may become inactive
    when given orally or drugs with high 1st pass metabolism
     In emergency situations or patient is unconscious or having vomiting
    and diarrhea
     Injections are also used for the treatment as well as diagnostic
    purposes
    continue
    Consist of Ampoules, vails and/or infusion. The different routes are
    Subcutaneous
     Intramuscular
     Intravenous
     Intrathecal (spinal canal or subarachnoid space)
     Intraarticular (injection in joints)
     Intra-arterial (injection in artery)
    Inhalation dosage form
    • Including drugs that are given directly through
    respiratory passages.
    • It includes..
    AEROSOLS:
    Consist of solution or suspension of medicinal substance in a mixture of
    inert propellants, which is held under pressure in an aerosol dispenser,
    which consist of suitable container fitted with a valve e.g. Sorbitol
    aerosol.
    Sprays
    Preparation of medicinal substance in aqueous, alcoholic or glycerol
    containing media to be applied to the nose or throat by means of an
    automizer. They are absorbed from respiratory epithelium.
    Inhalers
    • Liquid preparations composed of volatile ingredients in a specially
    designed container under pressure which when pressed the drug is
    inhaled, are absorbed through respiratory epithelium and has local
    effect.
    Inhaler Aerosol Spray
    Topical Dosage forms
    • Intended to be applied externally to the skin. It includes
    • Lotions
    • Creams
    • Ointments
    • Liniments
    • Pastes
    • Poultices
    Lotions
    Liquid preparations for application
    to skin. Lotions may be
    emulsions, suspensions or
    solutions. They are not to be
    rubbed. It can be applied with
    brush e.g. Calamine lotion
    Creams
    Viscous emulsions of semi solid
    consistency which may be oil in
    water or water in oil type. They
    are prepared with the help of
    suitable emulsifying agent.
    Ointments
    Semi solid preparations
    consisting of an active
    ingredient dissolved or
    dispersed in a suitable
    base.
    Liniments
    These are medicated
    topical preparations for
    application to the skin by
    rubbing. They are also
    called balm or heat rubs.
    Poultices
    Thick pasty preparations
    applied to the skin with the
    objective of reducing pain
    or inflammation.
    Other dosage forms
    • Ophthalmic
    • These are the dosage forms intended for application into the eyes and
    includes
    • Eye drops
    • Eye ointments
    Eye drops
    Sterile solutions or suspensions
    for instillation into the eyes. They
    usually contain substances with
    antiseptic ,anti-inflammatory,
    Anti-biotic, mydriatic and miotic
    properties .They are also used for
    Treatment and diagnostic
    purposes.
    Eye Ointments
    Sterile drugs used for
    application to the conjunctival
    sac or eyelid margins. They
    usually contain substances with
    antiseptic ,anti-inflammatory,
    Anti-biotic properties .
    Otic
    preparation
    These are products applied to
    or in the ear to treat conditions
    of the external and middle ear.
    They are similar to eye drops
    Rectal
    preparation
    Rectal solutions, emulsions and
    suspensions are liquid or solid
    preparations intended
    for rectal application to obtain
    a local or systemic effect, or
    they may be intended for
    diagnostic purposes.
    continue
    • Enemas (liquid preparations)
    • Suppositories (solid
    Preparations)
    Vaginal Preparations

    • Pessaries
    • These are solid bodies suitably
    shaped for vaginal
    administrations and contain
    drugs which acts locally e.g.
    Nystatine Pessaries (antifungal
    drug).
    THANK YOU

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