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RATIONAL FUNCTION (Domain, Range, Asymptotes, Intercepts and Zeros)

The document discusses rational functions and how to find their domain, range, asymptotes, intercepts, and zeros. It explains that: - The domain of a rational function is the values of x that do not make the denominator equal to zero. - The range is found by solving the rational function for y in terms of x. - Vertical asymptotes occur where the denominator is equal to zero. Horizontal and oblique asymptotes depend on comparing the degrees of the numerator and denominator polynomials. - Intercepts are found by substituting 0 for x or y and solving. Zeros are the x-intercepts found by setting the rational function equal to 0.

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Maricel Berana
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298 views19 pages

RATIONAL FUNCTION (Domain, Range, Asymptotes, Intercepts and Zeros)

The document discusses rational functions and how to find their domain, range, asymptotes, intercepts, and zeros. It explains that: - The domain of a rational function is the values of x that do not make the denominator equal to zero. - The range is found by solving the rational function for y in terms of x. - Vertical asymptotes occur where the denominator is equal to zero. Horizontal and oblique asymptotes depend on comparing the degrees of the numerator and denominator polynomials. - Intercepts are found by substituting 0 for x or y and solving. Zeros are the x-intercepts found by setting the rational function equal to 0.

Uploaded by

Maricel Berana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RATIONAL

FUNCTIONS
FINDING DOMAIN AND RANGE
Rational Functions
A rational function is a function of the
form:

p x 
R x   where p and q
q x  are polynomials

2
The set of first
DOMAIN coordinates.

The set of second RANGE


coordinates.
Rational Functions

The domain of a rational


function f(x)= is the values of x
DOMAIN that will not make p(x) equal
to zero)
What would be the domain of a
rational function?

We need to make sure the p x 


denominator is  0 R x  
q x 
Find the domain.
5x
R  x 
3 x x   : x  3
x2
H  x  2
x 4 x   : x  2, x  2
x 1
F x  2
x  5x  4 x   : x  4, x  1
x  4x  1  0
The range of rational
RANGE function is the domain
of the inverse of the
given function
What would be the range of a
rational function?
p x 
To get the range of rational
R x  
function, solve x in terms of y.
q x 
Find the range.

5x
R x 
3 x  y   : y  5
x2
H  x  2
x 4  y  : y  0
x 1
F x  2
x  5x  4  y  : y  0
TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING!
Determine the domain and range of each
rational function.

1.
2.
ASYMPTOTES OF
RATIONAL
FUNCTION
Finding Asymptotes
VERTICAL ASYMPTOTES
There will be a vertical asymptote at any
“illegal” x value, so anywhere that would make
the denominator = 0
So there are vertical
x  2x  5
2
R  x  2 asymptotes at x = 4
x x 43x x14 0 and x = -1.

Let’s set the bottom = 0


and factor and solve to
find where the vertical
asymptote(s) should be.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS 10
HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTES
We compare the degrees of the polynomial in the
numerator and the polynomial in the denominator to tell
us about horizontal asymptotes.
1<2
degree of top = 1 If the degree of the numerator is
less than the degree of the
1
2x  5 denominator, the x axis is a
R x   2 horizontal asymptote. This is
x  3x  4 along the line y = 0.

degree of bottom = 2

GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11
If the degree of the numerator is
degree of top = 2 equal to the degree of the
denominator, then there is a
horizontal asymptote at:
2x2  4x  5
R x  2 y = leading coefficient of top
x  3x  4 leading coefficient of bottom

degree of bottom = 2

horizontal asymptote at:

2
y 2
1
GENERAL MATHEMATICS 12
OBLIQUE ASYMPTOTES
If the degree of the numerator is
greater than the degree of the
degree of top = 3
denominator, then there is no
horizontal asymptote, but an
x  2 x  3x  5
3 2 oblique one. The equation is found
R x   by doing long division and the
x  3x  4
2
quotient is the equation of the
oblique asymptote ignoring the
remainder.
degree of bottom = 2

x  5  a remainder
x 2  3x  4 x 3  2 x 2  3x  5
Oblique asymptote
at y = x + 5

GENERAL MATHEMATICS 13
SUMMARY OF HOW TO FIND ASYMPTOTES

Vertical Asymptotes are the values that are NOT in the domain.
To find them, set the denominator = 0 and solve.
To determine horizontal or oblique asymptotes, compare the
degrees of the numerator and denominator.
1. If the degree of the top < the bottom, horizontal asymptote
along the x ax is (y = 0)
2. If the degree of the top = bottom, horizontal asymptote at y =
leading coefficient of top over leading coefficient of bottom
3. If the degree of the top > the bottom, oblique asymptote
found by long division.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS 14
n d e rsta n d i n g s !
Te st yo u r u

4.
1.g
3. h 5.
ZEROS OF
RATIONAL
FUNCTION
INTERCEPTS are the points at which a
graph crosses either the x or y axis.
To find the y-intercept(s) (the point where the
graph crosses the y axis), substitute in 0 for x
and solve for y or f(x).
To find the x-intercept(s) (the point where the
graph crosses the x-axis also know as ZEROS),
substitute in 0 for y and solve for x.
Examples: Find the intercepts of the following
function .
1. f(x)=
2. f(x)=
3. f(x)=
4. f(x)=
5. f(x)=
IS! 1. f(x)=
Y TH
TR 2. f(x)=
3. f(x)=
Find the 4. f(x)=
intercepts 5. f(x)=
and zeros of
each rational
function:

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