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L06 - Conditional Execution - Part 1

This document discusses conditional execution in Python programming. It introduces boolean expressions that evaluate to True or False. It describes logical operators like and, or, and not. It explains how to use if, if-else, and chained if-elif-else conditional statements to execute different blocks of code depending on conditions. Nested conditional statements and the importance of indentation for grouping statements are also covered.

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29 views

L06 - Conditional Execution - Part 1

This document discusses conditional execution in Python programming. It introduces boolean expressions that evaluate to True or False. It describes logical operators like and, or, and not. It explains how to use if, if-else, and chained if-elif-else conditional statements to execute different blocks of code depending on conditions. Nested conditional statements and the importance of indentation for grouping statements are also covered.

Uploaded by

aamirneyazi12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Branch - CSE

Python Programming

Lecture – 6

Conditional Execution – Part 1


By

Dr. Shobhit Tyagi


Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
School of Engineering & Technology
Boolean Expressions (Contd.)
• A boolean expression is an expression that is either true or false. The following examples
use the operator ==, which compares two operands and produces True if they are equal
and False otherwise:

• True and False are special values that belong to the class bool ; they are not strings:

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Boolean Expressions (Contd.)
• The == operator is one of the comparison operators; the others are:

• Although these operations are probably familiar to you, the Python symbols are different
from the mathematical symbols for the same operations.

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Logical operators
• There are three logical operators: and, or, and not. The semantics (meaning) of these
operators is like their meaning in English. For example,
• x > 0 and x < 10
• is true only if x is greater than 0 and less than 10.
• n%2 == 0 or n%3 == 0 is true if either of the conditions is true, that is, if the number is
divisible by 2 or 3.
• Finally, the not operator negates a boolean expression, so not (x > y) is true if x > y is
false; that is, if x is less than or equal to y.
• Strictly speaking, the operands of the logical operators should be boolean expressions,
but Python is not very strict. Any nonzero number is interpreted as “true.”

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Conditional Execution (If)
• In daily routine
• If it is very hot, I will skip exercise.
• If there is a quiz tomorrow, I will
first study and then sleep.
Otherwise, I will sleep now.
• If I have to buy coffee, I will
go left. Else I will go
straight.
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Conditional Execution (If)
• In order to write useful programs, we almost always need the ability to check conditions
and change the behavior of the program accordingly.
• Conditional statements give us this ability.
• The simplest form is the if statement:

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if-else statement
• Compare two integers and print the min.

if x < y: 1. Check if x is less


print (x) than y.
2. If so, print x
else: 3. Otherwise, print y.
print (y)
print (‘is the minimum’)

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Conditional Execution
• If you enter an if statement in the Python
interpreter, the prompt will change from three
chevrons to three dots to indicate you are in the
middle of a block of statements, as shown below:

• When using the Python interpreter, you must leave a


blank line at the end of a block, otherwise Python
will return an error:

This error is called the Indentation Error. Since there is no { } (curly brackets) to show the start and
end of a block, Python uses the indented line (generally 4 spaces or a tab space) to identify it.

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• Indentation is important in Python
• grouping of statement (block of statements)
• no explicit brackets, e.g. { }, to group statements

x,y = 6,10 Run


x the program
y

if x < y: 6 10
print (x)
else:
print (y) Output
print (‘is the min’) 6
skipped
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• General form of the if statement
e
if boolean-expr : rt u

fals
e
S1
S1
S2

• Execution of if statement S2

• First the expression is evaluated.


• If it evaluates to a true value, then S1 is executed and
then control moves to the S2.
• If expression evaluates to false, then control moves to
the S2 directly.

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Alternative execution (If-Else)
• A second form of the if statement is alternative execution, in which there are two
possibilities, and the condition determines which one gets executed. The syntax looks like
this:

• Since the condition must either be true or false, exactly one of the alternatives will be
executed.
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Chained conditionals (If-Else ladder)
• Sometimes there are more than two possibilities, and we need more than two branches.
One way to express a computation like that is a chained conditional:

• elif is an abbreviation of “else if”.


• Again, exactly one branch will be executed.

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• General form of the if-else statement

if boolean-expr : rt u
e

fa
S1

els
else: S1 S2
S2
S3 S3
• Execution of if-else statement
• First the expression is evaluated.
• If it evaluates to a true value, then S1 is executed and
then control moves to S3.
• If expression evaluates to false, then S2 is executed and
then control moves to S3.
• S1/S2 can be blocks of statements!
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Chained conditionals (If-Else ladder)
• There is no limit on the no. of elif statements. If there is an else clause, it must be at the
end, but there doesn’t have to be one.

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Nested if, if-else
if a <= b:
if a <= c:
…
else:
…
else:
if b <= c) :
…
else:
…

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• A special kind of nesting is the chain of if-else-if-else-
… statements
• Can be written elegantly using if-elif-..-else

if cond1: if cond1:
s1 s1
else: elif cond2:
if cond2: s2
s2 elif cond3:
else: s3
if cond3: elif …
s3 else :
else: last-block-of-stmt

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THANK YOU

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