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Chapter 9

Andrew Jackson's election in 1828 signaled the rise of the Democratic Party and the Second American Party System. As president, Jackson enacted major reforms like replacing senior federal officials with political allies and vetoing the renewal of the Bank of the United States' charter. He also oversaw the forced removal of Native Americans east of the Mississippi to reservations through the Indian Removal Act. South Carolina attempted to nullify a federal tariff but backed down after Jackson threatened to use force. The Whig Party emerged as Jackson's main opposition over issues like the role of the federal government and banks.

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31 views19 pages

Chapter 9

Andrew Jackson's election in 1828 signaled the rise of the Democratic Party and the Second American Party System. As president, Jackson enacted major reforms like replacing senior federal officials with political allies and vetoing the renewal of the Bank of the United States' charter. He also oversaw the forced removal of Native Americans east of the Mississippi to reservations through the Indian Removal Act. South Carolina attempted to nullify a federal tariff but backed down after Jackson threatened to use force. The Whig Party emerged as Jackson's main opposition over issues like the role of the federal government and banks.

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JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY

CHAPTER 9
1828 Presidential Election

1828 Presidential election - Andrew Jackson


& John Q. Adams
Jacksonians called themselves Democrats
Adams group called themselves National
Republican
It signaled the rise of the Second American
Party System
Jackson:-
 Won - became the new President
 the first westerner to become the President of US
ANDREW JACKSON
Jacksonian Reforms

Jackson made many reforms


His enemies called him “King Andrew”
Administration reform:-
Dismissed many senior federal officials (had
been in office for more than 20 years)
Appointed his friend to the jobs
This action was called Spoils System (meaning
newly elected office holders appoint loyal
members of their own party to public office)
Bank / financial reform:-
 Destroyed Bank of the US
 Felt the bank helped a few rich in the East at
the expense of people in the West
 The Bank applied for a new charter to replace
the old charter
 Congress passed a bill granting the charter
 Jackson vetoed against the bill
 Then he stopped depositing government
money in Bank of the US
 Depositing in a few state banks
 Loss of government deposits caused the
closure of Bank of the US
Indian Removals

Whites coveted land in Mississippi – suitable


for growing cotton
The land was inhabited by Indians
Jackson passed “Indian Removable Act” of
1830
Indians were transported to reservations in
Oklahoma, Kansas & Nebraska
Indians gave 100 million acres of good land
– but received 30 million acres of dry land
Around 50,000 Indians relocated
Some Indian tribes resisted
E.g. Seminole Indians in Florida
E.g. Fox Indians in Illinois
Resistance crushed by troops
Cherokee Indians tried to resist in a
different way:-
Drafted a constitution
Establish a state within a state (in Georgia)
But Georgia did not recognize Cherokee
nation
Jackson backed Georgia
15,000 Cherokee were forced to leave
Georgia for Oklahoma
The South Carolina
Secession Crisis (the Nullification Crisis)

Southerners problems:-
Competition of new fertile cotton lands in the
West (Alabama & Mississippi)
Northerners criticism of slavery

Problem related to slavery


Slaves bought freedom
Slaves rebellion
1832– new tariff law passed
Lower than desired by Southerners

All these events alarmed Southerners –


viewed it as an act of tyranny
South Carolina :-
wanted to abolish the new tariff law
wanted to secede from the union (US)

Jackson gave warning to the Southerners


South Carolina legislature ignored the
warning
Nov. 1832 - South Carolina legislature :-
passed a law to nullify the new tariff law
authorized the raising of an army

Jackson’s response – threaten to use force


on South Carolina
South Carolina backed off
Reason – did not get support from other
Southern States
Rise of the Whigs
Jackson received support from many groups
– poor & rich; Easterners & Westerners;
abolitionist & slaveholders
Jackson also received support from minority
groups – Catholics, immigrants etc.

But Jackson received opposition too


The opposition was known as Whigs
Whigs leaders – Henry Clay & Daniel
Webster
Whigs received support from intelligent,
wealthy & ordinary people
Key Issue Democrats Whigs
Bank of United Oppose Favor
States

Federal
Government Oppose Favor
support
construction of
roads & canals

Removal of Favor Oppose


Indians

Tariffs Favor low Favor high


States rights vs States rights federal rights
federal rights
Presidential Elections

1836 – Martin Van Buren from


Democrats won
1840 –Van Buren lost
General William Henry Harrison (Whigs
- 234 electoral vote) ; Van Buren
(Democrats – 60 electoral vote)

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