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Interaction Models

The document discusses two interaction models: 1) The Abowd and Beale model which emphasizes understanding user context, articulating interactions, ensuring smooth performance, effective presentation, and observing users to create adaptive systems. 2) Norman's model which describes the 7 stages of interaction: goal formation, planning, execution, perception, interpretation, evaluation, and error handling. Both models provide frameworks to design intuitive user interfaces aligned with user needs and capabilities.

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Vishal Talreja
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49 views8 pages

Interaction Models

The document discusses two interaction models: 1) The Abowd and Beale model which emphasizes understanding user context, articulating interactions, ensuring smooth performance, effective presentation, and observing users to create adaptive systems. 2) Norman's model which describes the 7 stages of interaction: goal formation, planning, execution, perception, interpretation, evaluation, and error handling. Both models provide frameworks to design intuitive user interfaces aligned with user needs and capabilities.

Uploaded by

Vishal Talreja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Interaction Models

Why We need Interaction Models:


• Interaction models are essential in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
to design and understand how users interact with computer systems.
They provide frameworks and abstractions that simplify the complex
process of user-system interaction, helping designers create more
user-friendly and efficient interfaces. These models help identify user
needs, behaviors, and expectations, facilitating the development of
intuitive and effective user interfaces while minimizing user
frustration and errors. In summary, interaction models serve as
blueprints for designing digital experiences that align with user
preferences and capabilities.
Abowd and Beale's interaction framework
Abowd and Beale's interaction framework
• The Abowd and Beale interaction model in HCI, also known as the AB
model, is a framework that helps designers create more context-
aware and adaptive interactive systems. It consists of four key
components: articulation, performance, presentation, and
observation.
• Articulation: Articulation involves defining the interaction between the user and the system. It focuses on
specifying how users input information and what kind of output they expect from the system. Articulation
helps in understanding the user's intentions and requirements.

• Performance: Performance refers to the actual execution of the interaction as defined in the articulation
phase. It involves how the system processes user input and generates appropriate output. Performance
ensures that the interaction works smoothly and effectively.

• Presentation: Presentation deals with how the system communicates information to the user. It
encompasses the visual and auditory aspects of the user interface, including layout, design, and feedback
mechanisms. Effective presentation enhances the user's comprehension and engagement.

• Observation: Observation involves monitoring the user's interactions and context to adapt the system's
behavior. It includes gathering data on user actions, preferences, and environmental conditions.
Observation allows the system to respond intelligently to changes in the user's context.

In summary, the Abowd and Beale interaction model emphasizes understanding user context, articulating
user-system interactions, ensuring smooth performance, presenting information effectively, and observing
user behavior to create interactive systems that are responsive and user-centered.
Examples
• Articulation: Imagine a voice-controlled virtual assistant like Siri or Alexa. Articulation involves
defining the specific commands or questions users can speak to the assistant, such as "What's the
weather today?" or "Set an alarm for 7 AM."
• Performance: In the same voice assistant example, performance relates to how accurately and
quickly the system recognizes and responds to the user's spoken commands. A well-performing
system understands and executes these commands without errors or delays.
• Presentation: In a mobile weather app, presentation involves how weather information is
displayed to the user. This includes the use of icons, colors, and layout to present current
conditions and forecasts in a visually clear and appealing manner.
• Observation: A smart thermostat observes user behavior and context to adapt heating or cooling
settings. For instance, if it detects that the user typically lowers the temperature at bedtime, it
learns from this observation and starts doing it automatically.
Donald Norman Interaction model
Donald Norman's Interaction Model comprises seven stages in user-system interaction:
• Goal Formation: The user establishes a clear objective, such as sending an email.
• Planning: The user strategizes and plans how to achieve the goal, deciding which buttons to
click or actions to take.
• Execution: The user carries out the planned actions, like typing the email and hitting the
"send" button.
• Perception of the System's State: The user observes how the system responds to their
actions, such as seeing a confirmation message.
• Interpretation: The user interprets the system's response to determine if it aligns with their
goal.
• Evaluation: Users evaluate whether their goal has been met based on the system's response.
• Error Handling: If there's a mismatch between the goal and the system's response, the user
may adjust their actions to correct errors and achieve the desired outcome.
Example
• For instance, when sending an email (Goal Formation), the user plans to fill in
recipient details and message content (Planning). They execute these actions
(Execution) and perceive the system's response, like a sent email notification
(Perception of the System's State). They interpret this notification to check if the
email was sent correctly (Interpretation) and evaluate whether the goal was
achieved (Evaluation). If they notice an error, like a missing recipient address,
they may go back to correct it (Error Handling) to fulfill their original goal.

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