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Logic

This document discusses basic concepts in logic including propositions, truth values, and types of sentences. It defines a proposition as a declarative sentence that is either true or false. Propositions can be simple, relating to a single statement, or compound, involving logical connectors between simple propositions. Examples are provided to demonstrate identifying propositions and determining their truth values. The document also outlines classifying sentences based on purpose as declarative, imperative, interrogative or exclamatory. An activity is included to practice determining if statements are propositions and identifying their truth values.

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39 views20 pages

Logic

This document discusses basic concepts in logic including propositions, truth values, and types of sentences. It defines a proposition as a declarative sentence that is either true or false. Propositions can be simple, relating to a single statement, or compound, involving logical connectors between simple propositions. Examples are provided to demonstrate identifying propositions and determining their truth values. The document also outlines classifying sentences based on purpose as declarative, imperative, interrogative or exclamatory. An activity is included to practice determining if statements are propositions and identifying their truth values.

Uploaded by

luvminwon18
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LOGIC

General Mathematics
LOGIC
•Logic is the study of correct
reasoning
Proposition
•Proposition is a declarative sentence that
is either true or false, but not both. If a
proposition is true, then its truth value is
true which is denoted by T; otherwise, its
truth value is false and is denoted by F
According to the purpose of the speaker or
writer, sentences are classified as follows:
• 1.Declarative sentence is used to make statement
of fact, wish, intent, or feeling.
Example: 2 is an even number.
• 2.
Imperative sentence is used to state a command,
request, or direction.
Example: Please do not answer in chorus.
According to the purpose of the speaker or
writer, sentences are classified as follows:
• 3. Interrogative sentence is used to ask a
question.
Example: Did you prepare for the final
examination?
• 4. Exclamatory sentence is used to express
strong feelings.
Example: The teacher shouted, "Keep quiet!"
Proposition or Not
If proposition, give its truth value.
•p: Mindanao is an island in the
Philippines.
Proposition
T
Proposition or Not
If proposition, give its truth value.

q: Find a number which divides


your age.
Not a Proposition
Proposition or Not
If proposition, give its truth value.

r: My seatmate will get a perfect


score in the Logic exam.
Proposition
Truth value will only be known in the future
Proposition or Not
If proposition, give its truth value.

s: Welcome to the Philippines!

Not a Proposition
Proposition or Not
If proposition, give its truth value.

t: 3 + 2 = 5

Proposition
T
Proposition or Not
If proposition, give its truth value.

u:

Proposition
F
Proposition or Not
If proposition, give its truth value.

v: What is the domain of the


function?
Not a Proposition
Proposition or Not
If proposition, give its truth value.

w: I am lying.

Not a Proposition
Simple Proposition
•A proposition is simple if it
cannot be broken down any
further into other component
propositions.
Compound Proposition
•A compound proposition is a proposition
formed from simpler propositions using
logical connectors or some combination of
logical connectors. Some logical
connectors involving propositions p and/or
q may be expressed as follows:
Compound Proposition
•not p
•p and q
•p or q
•if p then q
determine whether it is a simple or
compound proposition. If it is a compound proposition, identify the
simple components.

p1: Either logic is fun and


interesting, or it is boring.
Proposition Simple Components
p1 a:Logic is fun
b: Logic is interesting
c: Logic is boring
determine whether it is a simple or
compound proposition. If it is a compound proposition, identify the
simple components.

p2: If you study hard, then you


will get good grades
Proposition Simple Components
p1 f:You study hard
g:You get good grades
Activity:Determine whether each of the following statements is
a proposition or not. If a proposition, give its truth value.
a. Mabuhay!
b. Jose Rizal is our National Hero.
c. Who is the first president of the republic?
d. One to one relation is an example of a function
e. 25 is an integer.
f. Our Logic teacher is either pretty or handsome.
g. Smile at your seatmate.
h. The Municipal Mayor of Gerona is Cristy Angeles
i. 2 is even and prime.
j. Is 2 a square of some number?
k. If an integer is even, then its square is also even.
Activity:Determine whether each of the following statements is
a proposition or not. If a proposition, give its truth value.
a. Mabuhay! Not Proposition
b. Jose Rizal is our National Hero.Proposition, T
c. Who is the first president of the republic? Not Proposition
d. One to one relation is an example of a function Proposition, T
e. 25 is an integer. Proposition, F
f. Our Logic teacher is either pretty or handsome. Proposition, the class will decide
g. Smile at your seatmate. Not Proposition
h. The Municipal Mayor of Gerona is Cristy AngelesProposition, F
i. 2 is even and prime. Proposition, T
j. Is 2 a square of some number? Not Proposition
k. If an integer is even, then its square is also even. Proposition, T

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