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Matlab Programfor IIRButterworth Filter Design

The document describes the design of an infinite impulse response (IIR) Butterworth filter using the bilinear transformation method in Matlab. It includes: 1) An overview of IIR filter types and transformation methods to convert analog filters to digital. 2) The procedure to design a digital Butterworth IIR filter which involves calculating the filter order, analog cutoff frequency, and poles based on given passband and stopband specifications. 3) The use of the bilinear transformation to obtain the digital filter transfer function from the analog Butterworth transfer function.

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ALISHBA AZAM
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23 views

Matlab Programfor IIRButterworth Filter Design

The document describes the design of an infinite impulse response (IIR) Butterworth filter using the bilinear transformation method in Matlab. It includes: 1) An overview of IIR filter types and transformation methods to convert analog filters to digital. 2) The procedure to design a digital Butterworth IIR filter which involves calculating the filter order, analog cutoff frequency, and poles based on given passband and stopband specifications. 3) The use of the bilinear transformation to obtain the digital filter transfer function from the analog Butterworth transfer function.

Uploaded by

ALISHBA AZAM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Matlab Program for Infinite Impulse Response

Filter
by
R.Senthilkumar, Assistant Professor, ECE
Department, IRTT
Matlab Program for IIR Butterworth Filter Design using Bilinear
Transformation

clear all;
close all;
clc;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
delta1 = input('Enter the Pass Band Ripple');
delta2 = input('Enter the Stop Band Ripple');
wp = input('Enter the Digital Pass Band Edge Frequency');
ws = input('Enter the Digital Stop Band Edge Frequency');
T = input('Enter the Sampling Time Period in Seconds');
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%Analog Frequencies Calculated using Bilinear Transformation
omegap = (2/T)*tan(wp/2);
omegas = (2/T)*tan(ws/2);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%To Calculate the filter order
den = 2*log10(omegas/omegap);
delta = ((1/(delta2^2))-1);
epsi = ((1/(delta1^2))-1);
num = log10(delta/epsi);
N = ceil(num/den);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%To Calculate the Analog Cut off frequency


disp('If LPF enter 1, If HPF enter 2, If BPF enter 3, If BSF
enter 4');
type = input('enter the type of the filter you want to design');
switch type
case 1
omegac = omegap/(epsi^(1/(2*N)));
wc = 2*atan(omegac/2);
[b,a] = butter(N,wc/pi);
case 2
omegac = omegap/(epsi^(1/(2*N)));
wc = 2*atan(omegac/2);
[b,a] = butter(N,wc/pi,'high');
case 3
omegac1 = omegap/(epsi^(1/(2*N)));
omegac2 = omegas/(delta^(1/(2*N)));
wc1 = 2*atan(omegac1/2);
wc2 = 2*atan(omegac2/2);
wc = [wc1,wc2]
[b,a] = butter(N,wc/pi);
case 4
omegac1 = omegap/(epsi^(1/(2*N)));
omegac2 = omegas/(delta^(1/(2*N)));
wc1 = 2*atan(omegac1/2);
wc2 = 2*atan(omegac2/2);
wc = [wc1,wc2]
[b,a] = butter(N,wc/pi,'stop');
otherwise
disp('The Type Entered is not a valid filter');
end
[H,W] = freqz(b,a,128);
plot(W/pi,20*log10(abs(H)));
grid on
xlabel('Frequency x Pi in radians per sample')
ylabel('Magnitude in dB')
title('Butterworth Filter Design using Bilinear Method')
IIR Filters Types:

1) Butterworth IIR Filter


2) Chebychev IIR Filter
3) Bessel IIR Filter
4) Elliptic IIR Filter

Transformation Methods – Analog IIR Filter Transfer Function [ H(S) ]


to Digital IIR Filter Transfer Function [ H(Z)]

1) Bilinear Transformation
2) Impulse Invariant Method
3) Matched Z Transform
4) Approximation of Derivatives Method
1) Bilinear Transformation:

(1-z-1)
H(Z) = H(S) / S = (2/T) -------
(1+z-1)

example : H(S) = 2/(s+1)(S+2)

2) Impulse Invariant Method:

Step 1 : Do Partial Fraction so that H(s) = 2 (-2)


---- + ------

(S+1)
(S+2)

Step 2 : Take Inverse Laplace transform to find out h(t)


Step 3: To Design a Digital Filter, Sample the Impulse Response h(t)
So that it becomes h(nT). Replace t by nT

Step 4: Find out the Z transform

H(Z) = Z { h(nT)}
Butterworth IIR Filter:

1) Formula to Calculate Filter Order (N)

 1  
 1  
  2  
log  2  
  
 1  1 
  2 
  1 
N

2 log
 s 

 P
2) Formula to calculate Poles

S  jce j( 2k 1) / 2N
where k = 0,1,2,………N-1
Design Of Digital Butterworth IIR Filter uisng Bilinear Transformation

Procedure:

Given Parameters in problem


wp – Digital Pass band Edge Frequency δ1 = Pass band Ripple
ws –Digital Stop band Edge Frequency δ2 = Pass band Ripple

Step 1:
Ωp = Analog Pass band Edge Frequency = (2/T) tan( wp / 2)
Ωs = Analog Pass band Edge Frequency = (2/T) tan( ws / 2)

Step 2:
 1  
  1 
Filter Order =   2  
log   2  
  1 
 
1 
  2 
  1 
N
 s 
2 log 
 P 
Step 3:
Analog Cut off Frequency Ωc = Ωp / [(1/ δ12 ) -1] (1/2N)

Step 4:
Analog Butterworth IIR Filter transfer function

(Ωc) N

H(S) = ---------
poles
Step 5:
Poles

S  j ce j( 2k 1) / 2N

Where k =0,1,2….N-1
Step 6:
Digital IIR Butterworth Filter from Analog IIR Butterworth Filter

(1-z-1)
H(Z) = H(S) / S = (2/T) -------
(1+z-1)

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