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    Perception

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    suvarnasen
    This document discusses perception and factors that influence it. It defines perception as how individuals organize and interpret sensory impressions to make meaning of their environment. Perception is based on how reality is perceived, not reality itself. Factors that influence perception include attribution theory, perceptual selectivity, fundamental attribution error, self-serving bias, halo effect, contrast effects, stereotyping, and projection. Specific applications in organizations discussed are employment interviews, performance expectations, ethnic profiling, and performance evaluations. Social perception deals with how individuals perceive others and is influenced by one's own personality and self-esteem.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Perception

    Uploaded by

    suvarnasen
    6 views19 pages
    This document discusses perception and factors that influence it. It defines perception as how individuals organize and interpret sensory impressions to make meaning of their environment. Perception is based on how reality is perceived, not reality itself. Factors that influence perception include attribution theory, perceptual selectivity, fundamental attribution error, self-serving bias, halo effect, contrast effects, stereotyping, and projection. Specific applications in organizations discussed are employment interviews, performance expectations, ethnic profiling, and performance evaluations. Social perception deals with how individuals perceive others and is influenced by one's own personality and self-esteem.

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    4. Perception

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    This document discusses perception and factors that influence it. It defines perception as how individuals organize and interpret sensory impressions to make meaning of their environment. Perception is based on how reality is perceived, not reality itself. Factors that influence perception include attribution theory, perceptual selectivity, fundamental attribution error, self-serving bias, halo effect, contrast effects, stereotyping, and projection. Specific applications in organizations discussed are employment interviews, performance expectations, ethnic profiling, and performance evaluations. Social perception deals with how individuals perceive others and is influenced by one's own personality and self-esteem.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    6 views19 pages

    Perception

    Uploaded by

    suvarnasen
    This document discusses perception and factors that influence it. It defines perception as how individuals organize and interpret sensory impressions to make meaning of their environment. Perception is based on how reality is perceived, not reality itself. Factors that influence perception include attribution theory, perceptual selectivity, fundamental attribution error, self-serving bias, halo effect, contrast effects, stereotyping, and projection. Specific applications in organizations discussed are employment interviews, performance expectations, ethnic profiling, and performance evaluations. Social perception deals with how individuals perceive others and is influenced by one's own personality and self-esteem.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Dr .

    Suvarna Sen
    Organizational Behavior
    2
    / Perception
    Organizational Behavior
    3
    / Perception
    Gestalt
    Approach

    Figure

    Ground

    Organizational Behavior
    4
    Organizational Behavior
    5
    / Perception
    Word Color Test

    In this test DO NOT READ the words,


    say aloud the COLOR of each word.

    YELLOW BLUE ORANGE


    BLACK RED GREEN
    PURPLE YELLOW RED
    ORANGE GREEN BLACK
    BLUE RED PURPLE
    GREEN BLUE ORANGE
    Organizational Behavior
    6
    PERCEPTION
    PERCEPTION
    Concept of Perception

    Perception
    ••People’s
    People’s behavior
    behavior isis
    A process by which based
    based onon their
    their
    individuals organize and perception
    interpret their sensory perception of of what
    what
    impressions in order to
    reality
    reality is,
    is, not
    not on
    on
    give meaning to their reality
    reality itself.
    itself.
    environment.
    ••The
    The world
    world as as itit isis
    perceived
    perceived isis the
    the
    world
    world that
    that isis
    behaviorally
    behaviorally
    important.
    important.
    Factors
    Factors That
    That
    Influence
    Influence
    Perception
    Perception
    Person Perception: Making Judgments About
    Others

    Attribution Theory
    When individuals observe
    behavior, they attempt to
    determine whether it is
    internally or externally
    caused.

    Distinctiveness: shows different behaviors in different situations.


    Consensus: response is the same as others to same situation.
    Consistency: responds in the same way over time.
    Attribution Theory
    Perceptual Selectivity

    Any characteristics related with a person or an object or an


    event that increase the probability of perception.

    Perceptual selectivity occurs because it is impossible for us


    to assimilate everything we see- only certain stimuli can be
    taken in.
    Errors and Biases in Attributions

    Fundamental Attribution Error


    The tendency to underestimate
    the influence of external factors
    and overestimate the influence of
    internal factors when making
    judgements about the behavior of
    others.
    Errors and Biases in Attributions
    (cont’d)
    Self-Serving Bias
    The tendency for individuals to
    attribute their own successes to
    internal factors while putting
    the blame for failures on
    external factors.
    Frequently Used Shortcuts in Judging
    Others
    Halo Effect
    Drawing a general impression
    about an individual on the
    basis of a single characteristic

    Contrast Effects
    Evaluation of a person’s characteristics that
    are affected by comparisons with other people
    recently encountered who rank higher or lower
    on the same characteristics.
    Frequently Used Shortcuts in Judging
    Others
    Stereotyping
    Projection
    Judging someone on the
    Attributing one’s own
    basis of one’s perception of
    characteristics to other
    the group to which that
    people.
    person belongs.
    Specific Applications in Organizations

     Employment Interview
    Perceptual biases of raters affect the accuracy of
    interviewers’ judgments of applicants.
     Performance Expectations
    Self-fulfilling prophecy (pygmalion effect): on the
    basis of the preconceived expectation, performance
    is judged.
     Ethnic Profiling
    A form of stereotyping in which a group of
    individuals is singled out—typically on the basis of
    race or ethnicity—for intensive inquiry,
    scrutinizing, or investigation.
    Specific Applications in Organizations
    (cont’d)

     Performance Evaluations
    Appraisals are often the subjective (judgmental)
    perceptions of appraisers of another employee’s job
    performance.

     Employee Effort
    Assessment of individual effort is a subjective
    judgment, subject to perceptual distortion and bias.
    Social
    Social Perception
    Perception
    Social perception deals with how an individual perceives others.

    Characteristics that influence the perceptions of an perceiver:

     If an individual understand his own personality well, it


    becomes easier to understand others.
     Personal characteristics of an individual may affect the
    way he perceives others.
     An individual who has high self-esteem is more likely to
    perceive favorable aspects in others as well.
     How accurately an individual perceives others is based on
    not just a single skill but involves many other skills

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