DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SAIL TYPE

WINDTURBINE AND SOLAR PANEL

GUIDE NAME - DR.R.ASHOK GANDHI BATCH NO - 03

COORDINATOR NAME - DR. MANI

TEAM MEMBERS:
BALASUBRAMANIYAM.S (412516114030)
GOWTHAM.S (412516114052)
SANJAY BALAJI.P (412516114130)
VIGNESH.E (41251611
 ABSTRACT

Renewable energy are seen as next generation sources of energy for meeting the rising energy demands
and depleting fossil energy fuels.The objective of this Hybrid power generation using solar cell and wind
turbine energy is to overcome the factor of pollution possibilities and to promote eco friendly environment.

The VAWT(vertical Axis Wind Turbine) has the ability to tap wind energy from any direction.The solar pv
cells absorbs the light rays and converts it into electical energy.The total energy obtained is stored in a
capacitator for useful applications.

It has much better self starting characters and better conversion efficiency at lower flow speed.Here, we
used sail type vertical axis wind turbine to produce high torque and output along with lower cut in
speed.Hence, a lot of countries have set up a goal to reach 100% renewable energy in the future. For
example, the government of Denmark has decided to switch the total energy supply (electricity, mobility and
heating/cooling) to 100% renewable energy by 2050.
 OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this paper is to utilize the maximum amount of wind energy from the automobiles
running on the highways. The unused and considerable amount of wind is used to drive the vertical axis
wind turbine, which will use the kinetic energy of the wind to produce the electrical energy. The generated

energy by VAWT and solar system are stored in a battery and this stored energy which can be used for
street lighting, toll gates or in future to provide the charging node to the electrical vehicle.

Social benefit: wind-solar hybrid powerd application is a high tech environmentally friendly
product.Installing the wind-solar hybrid powered product is done not alone with the conformity of the
government's environmental protection concept and also it reminds people to protect the environment.

Economic benifit: It produces power by itself.After the construction of on-time investment we can get a
long time benifit.Changing the conventional power application can save a lot of man power and financial
resources.
 METHODOLOGY
A sail wind turbine system includes a vertical main shaft with a vertical axis of rotation with parallel
horizontal yardarms, cross-connected and corner braced, to the vertical main shaft. ... The major building
blocks of this project:

1. Microcontroller.
2. Solar panel with the solar tracking.
3. Wind mill.
4. Battery & converter.

Solar: Solar power is energy captured from the sun. The tremendous energy discharged by
the sun each day is harnessed using various solar technologies available today. Solar energy
systems can be either active or passive.
Wind Energy: Wind energy has been used for pumping water and milling grain for
hundreds of years. More recently, wind energy has also been used for electricity generation.
Developing countries can take advantage of wind power on a small scale, both for irrigation
(wind pumps) and for generation of electricity (wind generators).
Dc motor: Although motor gives 60 RPM at 12V but motor runs smoothly from 4V to 12V
and gives wide range of RPM, and torque, 60RPM Centre Shaft Economy Series DC Motor
is high quality low cost DC geared motor.
• Battery: A battery is a self-contained, chemical power pack that can produce a limited amount of
electrical energy wherever it’s needed. A battery slowly chemicals packed inside it into electrical energy,
typically released over a period of days, weeks, months, or even years. The basic power unit inside a
battery is called a cell, and it consists of three main bits.

• Inverter: This is a quite simple DC to AC inverter that provides 220VAC when a 12VDC power source
is provided. It can be used to power very light loads like night lamps and cordless telephones, but can
be modified into a powerful inverter by adding more MOSFETs. It uses 2 power IRFZ44 MOSFETs for
driving the output power and the 4047 IC as and a stable multi vibrator operating at a frequency of
around 50 Hz.
FIG.1.0. SAIL TYPE WIND TURBINE
DESIGN / MAJOR COMPONENTS
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Solar Energy:
• The sun is the largest energy source of life at the same time, it is the ultimate source of all energy
(except power of geothermal).

• The sun radiates 174 trillion kWh of energy to the earth per hour. In other words, the earth receives 1.74
x 10 17 watts ofpower from the sun.Characteristics of the sun is simplified as follows : mass 2× kg, beam
length 700.000 km, age 5× years and estimated roughly 5 billion more years of life.

• The surface temperature of sun is approximately 5800 K while the internal temperature is approximately
15.000.000 K.
 FIG. SCHEMATIC PV CELL LAYOUT
Main Principles of PV Systems:
A photovoltaic cell is rarely used in single set or individually, since it is unable to supply sufficient power
and voltage of electronic device requirement. Due to this reason, it needs more set of photovoltaic
cells be coupled together and to be connected parallel or in series for energy production, in order to
achieve the higher power output and voltage as possible.
Wind Energy:

Wind is the continuous movement of atmospheric air masses and is determined by its speed and
orientation. This movement derives from the changes and the different 17values of the atmospheric
pressure while these values are the result of the solar heating of different parts of the earth’s surface.
Despite the fact that theatmospheric air moves horizontally and vertically as well, only its horizontal

movement is actually considered as wind.The wind energy derives from the air as a result of its
movement . Wind energy is the conversion of a small percentage, about 0.2%, of the solar radiation that
reaches the surface of the earth. The wind power around the globe is estimated in 3.6×109 MW while,
according to valid estimations of the world meteorology organization, the percentage which is available for
energy exploitation in various parts of the world is only 1% and it is estimated around 0.6Q (175×1012
KWh).
 FIG. GLOBAL WIND CIRCULATION PATTERN

Wind Turbine Types:

The machines, which were proposed to harness the wind energy, are considered as wind turbines.
Wind turbines are categorized according to the orientation of their axes in comparison with the
flow of the wind. There are various types of modern wind turbines, which are distinguished in the
following two main categories: horizontal axis and vertical axis turbines.
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT):

• Vertical axis wind turbines are different from traditional wind turbines in that their main axis is
perpendicular to the ground. Their configuration makes them ideal for both rural and urban settings and
offers the owner an opportunity to offset the rising cost of electricity and to preserve the environment.

• Besides, VAWTs are not affected by the direction of the wind which is useful in areas where the wind
changes direction frequently or quickly. VAWTs are better able to harvest turbulent air flow found
around buildings and other obstacles.
Energy Storage System:
• The two main types of batteries used in hybrid systems are nickel- cadmium and lead-acid. Nickel-
cadmium batteries are restricted in use for few systems due to higher cost, lower energy efficiency and
limited upper operating temperature.

• Lead–acid batteries are usually used for energy storage in hybrid systems to store surplus energy, to
regulate system voltage and to supply load in case of insufficient solar radiation and/or wind. .
COMPARISON WITH OTHER TURBINES
S.N.O TYPES OF GENERAL DIMENSIONAL RATED WIND
WINDTURBINES CONFIGURATION AREA(mm) SPEED
(m/s)

1. DARRIEOUS Two or more flexible blades are 3200×2200 11

WINDTURBINE attached to a vertical shaft. The
blades bow outwards, taking the
shape of a parabola and symmetrical
airfoil section.Here the torque is zero
when the rotor is stationary.

2. SAVONIUS The basic equipment is a drum cut in 2300×1100 10

WINDTURBINE two halves vertically. The two parts
are attached to the two opposite
sides of a vertical shaft. This is
because the wind blowing into the
concave surface turn around and
give a push to the inner surface of
the other drum.
3. SAIL TYPE A vertical axis sail-type windmill 2200×1200 13
WINDTURBINE where the sails are formed by a
plurality of pairs of blades
permanently attached to freely
rotating horizontal rods
penetrating the vertical output
shaft with pivot offset of the center
of the weight which causes the
blades to self-adjust when
impacted by wind so that one
blade assumes a driving position
while the other a leeward position.
S.N.O TYPES OF RATED POWER NET WEIGHT BLADE BLADE LENGTH
WINDTURBINES (W) (Kg) MATERIAL (m)

DARRIEOUS 150-600 155-205 ALUMINIUM 1

1. WINDTURBINE ALLOY, FIBRE
GLASS

2. SAVONIUS 300-900 38-140 GLASS, 1.4

WINDTURBINE MILDSTEEL,
ALUMINIUM

3. SAIL TYPE 450-1350 50-175 CLOTH TYPE 1.5

WINDTURBINE MATERIAL,
PLASTICS,
FABRICS
S.N. TYPES OF DIAMETER STARTUP CUT IN SURVIVAL LIFE SPAN
O WINDTURBINE (m) SPEED SPEED (m/s)
(m/s) (m/s)

1. DARRIEOUS 0.5-1 2 3 35 5-10

WINDTURBINE

2. SAVONIUS 0.75-1.5 2 3 37 5-15

WINDTURBINE

3. SAIL TYPE 1-1.5 2 3 34 5

WINDTURBINE
 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
The efficiency of vertical axis wind
turbine is less when compared to the
horizontal wind turbine.So, we are
fixing a solar panel as an additional
support in order to match with its
efficiency equally.

TRADITIONAL POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

 NEED FOR HYBRID POWER GENERATION

In 2015, a case conducted in seven countries which concluded in all cases generating cost can be reduced
by hybridising mini grids and isolated grids.However, financial costs for diesel powered electric rigs with
solar pv cells are crucial and largely depend on the ownership structure of the plant.

Now a day's electricity is most needed faciity for the human beings.All the conventional energy sources are
depleting day by day.So, we are in the extreme situation to get shifted from conventional to non-

conventional energy resources.

This process reviles the sustainable energy resources without damaging the nature.We can give an
uninterrupted power supply using this hybrid energy system.
 REFERENCES

[1] Mithun K K and Ashok S “Wind Turbine for Highways Wind Power Generation”

[2] IJEEE, Volume 07, Issue 01, Jan-June.

[3] Dhiraj Varma and Ajitabh Pateriya “VAWT and solar Panel Combine System Based Generation of

Electricity Through Highway” IJRISE Vol.3, 2017.pp:137-140.

[4] Sachin and Govind P “Power Generation on Highways by using Vertical Axis Wind Turbine &Solar

system” IRJET, Volume 05, Issue :03|Mar-2018.

[5] R., M. (2011, July 22). Things You Need to Know to Build Your Own Wind

[6] Turbine. Retrieved September 2012, from BuildSolarPanelX

[7] Ragheb, M. (2011). Vertical Axis Wind Turbines.

[8] REUK.co.uk. (2007, January 30). Darrieus Wind Turbines. Retrieved July 2012.