General Methods of Teaching

Methods of Teaching
Lecture Method
Text Book Reading
Discussion Method
Team Teaching
 Lecture Method
• Lecture method is the most commonly used method of
teaching .
• It is a teacher- controlled & information centered approach in
which the teacher works as a sole-resource in classroom
instruction.
• In lecture method only the teacher talks & students are
passive listeners.
• Since the student do not actively participate in this method of
teaching, this is a teacher – controlled & information centred
method.
• Most commonly followed in colleges and in schools in big
classes.
 Lecture Method
(PLANNING THE LECTURE)

• Before starting to prepare a lecture, the teacher must

be able to answer four basic questions:-

• Who is your audience?- Who

• What is the purpose of your lecture?- Why

• How much time is available- How long

• What is the subject matter?- What

 Lecture Method
(Purpose)

The objectives of lecture may be to,

• Give general information on a subject

• Gain acceptance for a new point of view

• Change basic attitude

• Teach a particular skill

 Lecture Method
(Situation)
• In the introduction of a new topic
• In the introduction of new instruments
• Revising and summarising lessons
• Covering the syllabus quickly
• Presenting the history of plants and animals
A good lecturer must take care of,
Time available , The audience Subject matter
Appearance Manner Gesture
Voice Vocabulary
Use of audio-visual aids & black board
 Lecture Method
(Advantages)
• It is quite economical method because it is possible to handle a
large number of students at a time.
• Using this method the knowledge can be imparted to students
quickly & prescribed syllabus can be covered in short time.
• It is quite attractive & easy to follow and also by this method
teacher can develop his own style of teaching and exposition.
• It simplifies the task of teacher as he/she dominates the lesson
for 70-85% of the lesson time & students just listen to him.
• Some good lectures , delivered by the teacher may motivate a
student for creative thinking.
 Lecture Method
(Disadvantages)
• Students participation is negligible and students become passive.
• Knowledge is imparted so rapidly that weak students developed a
hatred for learning.
• No place of ‘learning by doing’.
• No demand of previous knowledge and individual needs and
differences of students.
• Undemocratic and authoritarian method as students cannot
challenge or question.
• It does not provide corrective feedback to help slow learners.
• It does not help to inculcate scientific attitudes and training in
scientific method among the pupils.
 Textbook Reading
(PQ4R Method)

• Preview
• Question
• Read
• Reflect
• Recite
• Review
 Textbook Reading
(PQ4R Method)

Preview
• Skim Chapter
• Read section headings
• Read bold and italic terms

• Ask
• What material will be discussed
• How is it organized?
• How do big ideas related what earlier know
 Textbook Reading
(PQ4R Method)

Read
• Read actively by thinking about understanding
• Am I understanding the material?
• Are the questions I asked earlier being answered?
• What do I not Understand?
 Textbook Reading
(PQ4R Method)

Reflect
• Think of own examples
• Create visual images of concept
• Ask
• Wat does the material mean?
• How does each section relates to other section?
• How does chapter relate to other chapter?
 Textbook Reading
(PQ4R Method)

Recite
• List major points
• Put main ideas into own words
• Draw pictures or diagrams
• Note connections within sections
 Textbook Reading
(PQ4R Method)

Review
• At the end of each chapter
• List major points
• Put big ideas into own words
• Draw pictures and diagrams
• Note connections among different sections
 Discussion Method
(Introduction)

• It is a group activity involving the teacher and the student to

define the problem and seek its solution.

• It is also described as a constructive process involving listening

,thinking ,as well as the speaking ability of the student.

 Discussion Method
(Preparation and Conduct_Steps)
Orientation, Engagement, Debrief
• ORIENTATION
• Provide the discussion topic.
• Clearly describe the question
• Explain how students have to prepare for discussion
• Explain how the discussion will be conducted
• Encouraged the students to think
• ENGAGEMENT
• Develop an environment
• Present clear question to focus the discussion
• Start by asking students to define the terms
• If necessary,help the students.
• Wait for each student to answer the question
• Refocus discussion
• Keep a progressive record
• Close discussion by summarizing or evaluating
• DEBRIEF
• Allow time for students to make their own notes.
• Facilitate student reflection on what they learnt.
 Discussion Method
(Principles)

• The objective should be clearly defined and understood by all

participants.
• The teacher should prepare carefully as a facilitator to guide
• Question outline should be prepared carefully
• The members of the group should come prepared; have a basic
knowledge about the topic to be discussed.
• Leader need to guide and coordinate the proceedings so that the
discussion should be kept to the point.
• Record the main points of discussion
• Each one in the group should feel free to participate and a shy
person should be encouraged to contribute
• Discussion should be properly ended with a report.
 Discussion Method
(Advantages)

• Emphasis on learning instead of teaching

• Participation by every body

• Fostering democratic way of thinking

• Training in reflective thinking

• Training in self expression

• Made interest

• More time and effort

 Discussion Method
(Disadvantages)

• May not be end with solution

• Teacher may not be able to guide and provide true leadership

• Success of discussion is based on good preparation

• It may create emotional stress

• Not effective in describing procedures

• Few students may dominate in discussion

 Discussion Method
(Forms)
ROLE PLAY:
• Educational technique in which people spontaneously act out problems of
human relations and analyse the enactment with help of other role players and
observers.
PARTICIPATORY LEARING METHOD
• Engages students as active participants in the full life cycle of
homework,project,and examinations
FORMAL GROUP DISCUSSION
• Formal group discussion are held by small group as well as the large group.
PANEL DISCUSSION
• It is the discussion in which 4-8 persons who are qualified to talk about the
topic,sit and discussing a given problem
SEMINAR
• A seminar is a discussion based on information presented by experts under
guidance of an eminent resource person for the benefit of group members
SYMPOSIUM
• It is an technique serve as an excellent device for informing an audience
discussion. The procedure is like straight lecture form
 Team Teaching
(Introduction)

• Teaching in which two or more teachers are given

responsibility of Teaching

• Two or more than two teachers involve to make a plan,

with cooperation.

• For maximum use of talent to provide guidance for

young and inexperience teachers.

 Team Teaching
(Characteristics)

• Plan of team-teaching is flexible.

• Teachers decide their activities themselves.
• Responsibility on both/all teachers.
• Various aspects taught by different expert teachers.
• Need of pupils, schools and resources is considered.
• Instructional arrangment.
• Involving Team spirit.
• Experts in interest, knowledge and skills
• More work in less time _ Economical.
 Team Teaching
(Objectives)

• To improve quality of instruction.

• To use expertise and talent of the teachers.

• To utilize resources at school.

• Importance of cooperation and group work.

• Sense of shared responsibility.

• Flexibility in grouping.
 Team Teaching
(Steps)

• Planning

• Organizing

• Evaluating
 Team Teaching
(Advantages_Faculty)

• Learn about teaching

• Improvement of teaching skills
• Socialization of teachers
• Step out from comfort zone
• Informed and enriched teaching
• Avoid lonely, repetitive, and solo teaching
• New insights
• Collegial relationship
• Foster respect
 Team Teaching
(Advantages_Students)

• Students’ analytical abilities.

• Greater cocurricular coherence.

• Sense of academic community.

• Improvement of student teacher relationship.

• Make classes more interesting.

• Improve learning outcomes of students.

 Team Teaching
(Disadvantages)

For Faculty
• Lack of sufficient time for collaborative work.
• Lack of training in group dynamic.
• Problem with overlapping roles.
• One discipline may dominate.
• Insufficient funding.
• No individual autonomy.

For Students
• Ineffective when instructors not flexible in learning styles.
• Confusion about learning expectations.
• Disparity in Evaluation.
 Question???

Which type of Method/s will you prefer in

your classroom while teaching and why?