Scribd
Upload
55 views39 pages

Ucspl 4 2

1. Biological evolution refers to genetic changes in species over generations, while cultural evolution is the development of human cultures from simple to complex forms. 2. Charles Darwin introduced the theory of evolution by natural selection, where traits better suited to the environment are more likely to survive and be passed on. 3. Fossils and artifacts provide evidence of human evolution from early hominids like Australopithecus to later species such as Homo erectus and Homo sapiens.

Uploaded by

Micah Villaluz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
55 views39 pages

Ucspl 4 2

1. Biological evolution refers to genetic changes in species over generations, while cultural evolution is the development of human cultures from simple to complex forms. 2. Charles Darwin introduced the theory of evolution by natural selection, where traits better suited to the environment are more likely to survive and be passed on. 3. Fossils and artifacts provide evidence of human evolution from early hominids like Australopithecus to later species such as Homo erectus and Homo sapiens.

Uploaded by

Micah Villaluz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

THE HUMAN BIOLOGICAL

EVOLUTION
What is Biological
evolution?
Biological evolution
• Refers to the changes,
modifications, and variations in
the genetics and inherited traits of
biological populations from one
generation to another.
What is Cultural
evolution?
Cultural evolution
•Refers to the changes or
development in cultures from
a simple form to a more
complex form of human
culture.
What is Socio-
Cultural evolution?
Socio-cultural evolution
Socio cultural evolution
happens as a result of human
adaptation to different factors
like climatic changes and
population increase.
THE EVOLUTION THEORY BY CHARLES DARWIN

The evolution theory states


that all forms of life started
from simple forms and
transformed to complex ones.
THE EVOLUTION THEORY BY CHARLES DARWIN
It was introduced by the naturalist and
biologist known for his theory of evolution
and the process of natural selection –
Charles Darwin who is called the “Father
of Evolution” –in his published work, On
the Origins of Species by Means of Natural
Selection.
Darwin introduced the
concept of evolution to
explain the origins of
modern humans.
Evolution happens
through the process of
natural selection.
Natural Selection
• Is a process through which
certain environmentally adapted
biological features are
perpetuated at the expense of
less adaptive features.
Example of Natural Selection
• Evolution of Giraffes long neck
-Those giraffes w/ slightly longer
necks has advantage over shorter neck
fellows.
-Those longer necks were able to
survive to reproduce and so pass on the
characteristics to succeeding generations.
PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL SELECTION
1. Variation- every species is made up of
a variety of individuals with some better
adapted to their environments
compared to the others.
2. Inheritance-organisms produce
offspring with different sets of traits that
can be inherited.
3. Survival of the fittest- organisms
that have traits most suitable to their
environment will survive and these
variations are passed on to their
offspring in subsequent generations.
THE BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL
EVOLUTION OF MODERN HUMANS
Fossils- refer to the human, plant,
and animal remains that have been
preserved through time like human or
animal teeth, skull, and bone
fragments.
 Artifacts – refer to the objects that
were made and used by humans.
Example (stone tools, metal tools,
ceramics, earthenware, burial jars,
and ornaments)
HOMINID
HOMINID
• Is the general term used by
scientists to categorize the group
of early humans and other
humanlike creatures that can
walk erect during the prehistoric
times.
AUSTRALOPITHECUS
AUSTRALOPITHECUS
• Is considered as the 1st stage of human
evolution (PREHUMAN STAGE OF
EVOLUTION) and the Homo as the
last stage (HUMAN STAGE OF
HUMAN EVOLUTION)
Ardipithecus
Ardipithecus means “ape on the
ground”
1. Small brain
2. Biped (walked on 2 legs or feet)
3. Lived in jungles and forests like the
chimpanzees
4. Skull size similar to an ape
5. Height of about 4 feet
• Australopithecus or “southern ape”
1. Lived in the African jungle from 5 million to 1 million
years ago.
2. Brain size (1/3 size) of the size of the modern human
brain.
3. Upright
4. Biped
5. Lived in small groups
6. Food scavengers
7. Ate insects, eggs, plants, fruits, and sometimes meat
8. Use sticks and stones for digging.
AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFARENSIS
• The Australopithecus afarensis is considered as
the common ancestor of the Australopithecus
species.
• The 3.2 million years old Australopithecus
afarensis fossil named “LUCY” was considered
as one of modern human’s earliest ancestors
and remains as the most famous hominid fossil
discovered.
• Lucy was discovered in Hadar,
Ethiopia in 1974 by
paleoanthropologists led by Dr.
Donald Johnson.
HOMO HABILIS (HANDY MAN)
HOMO HABILIS (HANDY MAN)
• Considered as the direct ancestor of the
modern human because of its ability to
produce tools.

Characteristics:
1. Height 3-4 ft.
2. Brain size half the size of the modern human
3. Used tools for hunting and food gathering
HOMO ERECTUS (UPRIGHT MAN)
HOMO ERECTUS (UPRIGHT MAN)
1. Brain size about 2/3 of modern human brain size.
2. Height about 5 feet.
3. Walks upright
4. Known for making complex tools.
5. Considered as skillful hunters.
6. The 1st Homo species to use fire and to live in
caves.
7. 1st Homo to use spoken language
8. 1st Homo to leave Africa
TABON MAN
TABON MAN
-Used to be the oldest confirmed modern human in the
Philippines, dating back to 16,500 years ago
(14,000 BC).
-In 1958 Dr. Robert Fox (1918-1985), an American
anthropologist, and leading historian of the National
Museum of the Philippines discovered in the Lipuun
Point Reservation of the Tabon Caves Complex in the
southern part of Palawan Island.
HOMO LUZONENSIS
HOMO LUZONENSIS
-Excavated in 2007 in Callao Cave,
Peñablanca, Cagayan Valley, Philippines by
an international multidisciplinary team led by
Dr. Armand Salvador Mijares, an
archaeologist from the University of the
Philippines and a National Geographic
grantee.
-It was named Homo Luzonensis after
the Country’s biggest island of Luzon
where it was recovered.
HOMO SAPIENS (THINKING MAN)
HOMO SAPIENS (THINKING MAN)
Considered as modern humans
Species where all modern humans belong to
*Characteristics:
1. Large brain size (almost similar to the brain of
modern humans)
2. Lived in shelters
3. Food gatherers
4. Ate plant and fruits/hunted animals
5. Learned to gather and cook
6. Crafted metals

 Cro-Magnon (Homo sapiens sapiens)

You might also like