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Enzyme

Enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. They work best within a certain pH and temperature range, and are specific to their substrate. The "lock and key" hypothesis states that enzymes have an active site that specifically binds to substrates like a key in a lock. An enzyme's activity is affected by factors like substrate concentration, temperature, and pH. Temperature affects reaction rates, with each enzyme having an optimum temperature. Extreme temperatures can denature the enzyme and destroy its catalytic properties.

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2K views16 pages

Enzyme

Enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. They work best within a certain pH and temperature range, and are specific to their substrate. The "lock and key" hypothesis states that enzymes have an active site that specifically binds to substrates like a key in a lock. An enzyme's activity is affected by factors like substrate concentration, temperature, and pH. Temperature affects reaction rates, with each enzyme having an optimum temperature. Extreme temperatures can denature the enzyme and destroy its catalytic properties.

Uploaded by

api-3798760
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ENZYME

Characteristics of enzymes

• Protein in nature & will be denatured at high


temp.
• Biological catalysts. Speed up reactions without
being changed or used up.
• They are reusable.
• Action of enzymes are specific.
• Work best at a certain range of pH and
temperature.
Characteristics of enzymes

enzyme
Biological A+B
catalyst C

r o t ein
pH P
Specificity
substrate substrate

active site

enzyme
Action of enzyme
(Anabolic reaction)
enzyme-substrate enzyme-product
complex complex

substrate product

enzyme
enzyme
Action of enzyme
(catabolic reaction)
enzyme-product enzyme-substrate
complex complex

products substrate

enzyme enzyme
Lock and key hypothesis

product

Substrate
product

Enzyme
Lock and key hyphothesis

P E S
H A T
S N ’
D O H
T C
M A
Factors affecting enzyme action
Substrate concentration

Max. Rate
Rate of reaction

Substrate
conc.
Factors affecting enzyme action
Substrate concentration
Factors affecting enzyme action
Temperature
Rate of reaction

0 10 20 30 40 50 Temperature
（ OC ）
Factors affecting enzyme action
Temperature

• Each enzyme works best at a particular


optimum temperature
temperature - _____________________.
• When temperature is lower than optimum
temperature, activity of enzyme become
lower At low temperature, enzymes
________.
inactive
become _____________. They become
active again
_________________ when the temperature
is raised.
Factors affecting enzyme action
Temperature

• Above the optimum temperature, heat


shape of enzymes and their
changes the _______
active sites __________
_____________, decreases their
activities.
• When temperature is too high (above 60oC),
denatured
most enzymes are ____________, and lose
they catalytic property permanently.
Factors affecting enzyme action
pH
Rate of reaction

pH
Application of Enzymes

Washing Powder
SO Chi-shing
Curriculum Officer (Biology)

SCIENCE UNIT
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

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