Random Sampling

Objective:

 Illustrates random sampling. M11/12SP-IIId-2

 Review: Solve the following problems.

1. Determine the area of the standard normal curve to the right of z = 1.63.
2. Find the area of the standard normal curve less than z = -0.95
3. Find the area under the standard normal curve given the condition 1.7<z<2.33.
4. Given a distribution whose mean is 20.5 and standard deviation of 4, find the
z-value for 15.
5. It is known that the weights of mangoes harvested in a farm are normally
distributed with a mean of 220 grams and a standard deviation of 25 grams. If a
mango is selected at random, what is the probability that its weight is between 155
and 230 grams?
Identify the target market for each of the
following products.
Identify the target market for each of the
following products.
Identify the target market for each of the
following products.
- Business organizations do not have unlimited funds to
pursue all these segments. If a company intends to make a
profit from its operations, it shall serve only specific
segments of the population that are most likely to purchase
its product. This way, companies avoid spending rather large
amounts of money in selling their products to segments that
are least likely to buy.
- After segmenting the market into various homogeneous
parts (or segments possessing similar characteristics), the
marketer decides which part(s)/segment(s) he/she wants to
actively pursue. The target market of a product or service is
defined as its most probable and most logical consumers, and
may likewise be its heaviest consumers.
 - The consumer segmentation variables are:
 a. Geographic Segmentation – pertains to where the
population is located. Sub variables are region, city, density,
and climate
 b. Demographic Segmentation – refers to the general
characteristics of the population. Sub variables are age, sex,
income, civil status, education, occupation, family size,
religion and nationality
 c. Psychographic Segmentation – represent the psychological
profile of consumers. Sub variables are social class, lifestyle
and personality.
 d. Behaviour Segmentation – associated with the customers
buying behavior. Sub variables are purchase frequency, user
status, usage rate, loyalty status and readiness.
 Just like in your school research for example if, is it possible
that you can use the whole population of the Philippines as a
sample? Why?
 Mary Ann, a student from Ninoy Aquino Senior High School
wants to know about the plans of Senior High School
students after graduation. Can you help her determine the
criteria of her sample for her respondents? Justify your
answer.
Population and Sample
 Population and Sample

 Population

- is consists all members of the group about which you want to

conduct a study.
- is the totality of elements from which data under
consideration shall be obtained
 Sample

- is a portion, part, or subset, of the entire population.

- representative portion of the population taken for a study
 Population and Sample

 Statisticalsurveys, particularly those that require large population, do not

have to involve the whole population. In consideration of time, expense,
and effort, the whole population would be more difficult to handle.
 For example, a survey on the whole student population of a school does
not need to involve all the students in that school. A reasonable portion of
the population may be taken and the observations or data gathered from
this portion may be used for analysis and interpretation.
Population and Sample
Population and Sample
 If the city of Malabon will be your population, what would
be the possible sample respondents for the following
research/study?

1. Level of knowledge in the four basic operation

2. Effectiveness of a particular shampoo brand
3. Factors affecting the behavior of a child in school
4. Pagbabago sa wika sa panahon ng modernisasyon
 Trivia:

Dahil sa mga naging pagbabago ng wika sa panahon ng modernisasyon,

marami mga wika noon ang hindi na alam o nagagamit sa ating panahon
ngayon tulad ng:
1. batlag – kotse
2. durungawan – bintana
3. panghiso – toothbrush
4. salipawpaw – eroplano
5. hidhid - makasarili
 Types of Random Sampling

A researcher wishes to achieve unbiased results in his/her study. One of

the best ways to fulfill this is through the use of random sampling. There
are 4 known types of random sampling.
a. Simple Random Sampling
b. Systematic Sampling
c. Stratified Sampling
d. Cluster Sampling
Group Activity
 Activity 1: Simple Random Sampling

A researcher from City of Malabon University wants to

know about the vocabulary knowledge of the Grade 11
students of Ninoy Aquino Senior High School. There are
150 grade 11 students.
 Activity 1: Simple Random Sampling

 Step 1. Use the Slovin’s Formula in determining the number of students

that should be included in the sample.
 Activity 1: Simple Random Sampling

 Step 2. Assign a number to each 150 students (1 to 150)

 Step 3. Write the numbers (1 to 150) on piece of paper.
 Step 4. Put all the pieces of paper with number on it in an empty box.
 Step 5. Randomly pick out n = ____ folded paper from the box without
looking.
 Activity 2. Systematic Sampling

There are 50 families along Kabya Alley. Twelve families

are needed as sample for a social experiment.
 Activity 2. Systematic Sampling

 Step 1. Prepare a sampling frame by randomly arranging the 50 families

 Step 2. Assign each family a number from 1 to 50.
 Step 3. Find the sampling interval k.
 Activity 2. Systematic Sampling

 Step 4. Randomly select a number between 0 and k+1. That will be the
starting number.
 Step 5. Select every k (from step 3) from the sampling frame starting from
the selected number from step 4.
 Activity 3. Stratified Sampling

A student from Ninoy Aquino Senior High School wants

to know about the plans of Grade 11 students in the
school after graduation. He wants to consider the
following: strand, age, gender, religion, and social status.
There are 150 students. She needs 110 samples.
 Activity 3. Stratified Sampling

 Step 1. Subdivide the population into several strata. Then make a table.
(Strata, Number of Students per Strata, Sample)
 Step 2. To obtain the sample size per stratum, divide the total number of
students per stratum by the population, and then multiply the result by the
sample size.
 Activity 3. Cluster or Area Sampling

Medical researchers want to study the IQ level of the

people in Malabon.
 Activity 3. Cluster or Area Sampling

 Step 1. Divide the population into clusters. Choose a number of clusters and randomly
select from it (You can use lottery, card shuffling, etc).
 Activity 3. Cluster or Area Sampling

 Step 2. Get the total number of people in the chosen clusters.

 Step 3. Use the Slovin’s Formula in determining the number of people that
should be included in the sample.
PRESENTATION OF OUTPUT
 Application: Solve the problem.

 Jose, wants to determine who has higher grades in statistics, the

male or the female students. There are 200 male and 240 female
grade 11 students. He wants his sample to consist of 50 students
only, and he used stratified sampling techniques in determining
the number of students included in the study. How many male
and female students are included in the study?
 Is being a male or female a factor when it comes to performance
in Mathematics? Why?
 Sex is your biological feature being male or a female. Gender is not
necessarily defined by biological sex: a person’s gender may or may not
correspond to their biological sex. Gender is more about identity and
how we feel about ourselves. People may self-identify as male, female,
transgender, other or none (indeterminate/unspecified). People that do
not identify as male or female are often grouped under the umbrella
terms ‘non-binary’ or ‘genderqueer’, but the range of gender
identifications is in reality unlimited
 REMEMBER!

 1. There are four types of random sampling techniques

a. Simple Random Sampling
b. Systematic Sampling
c. Stratified Sampling
d. Cluster Sampling
 REMEMBER!

 2. Simple random sampling is a sampling technique in which

every element of the population has the same probability of
being selected for inclusion in the sample.
 3. Systematic sampling is a random sampling technique in which
a list of elements of the population is used as a sampling frame
and the elements to be included in the desired sample are
selected by skipping through the list at regular intervals.
 REMEMBER!

 4. Stratified sampling is a random sampling technique in which the

population is first divided into strata, and then samples are randomly
selected separately from each stratum.
 5. Cluster sampling or area sampling is a random sampling technique
in which the entire population is broken into small groups or clusters,
and then samples of these clusters are randomly selected. The data
from the randomly selected clusters are the ones that are analyzed.
 EVALUATION: Directions: Read each question. Write
the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is a sampling technique in which every element of the population

has the same probability of being selected for inclusion in the sample.
A. Simple Random Sampling
B. Systematic Sampling
C. Stratified Sampling
D. Cluster Sampling
 EVALUATION: Directions: Read each question. Write
the letter of the correct answer.

2. It is a random sampling technique in which the entire population is

broken into small groups, or clusters, and then, some of the clusters are
randomly selected.
A. Cluster Sampling
B. Systematic Sampling
C. Simple Random sampling
D. Stratified Random Sampling
 EVALUATION: Directions: Read each question. Write
the letter of the correct answer.

For numbers 3-5. Which sampling method is applied in the following

situations?
 EVALUATION: Directions: Read each question. Write
the letter of the correct answer.

3. A barangay health worker asks every 4th house in the village for the
ages of the children living in those households.
A. Simple Random Sampling
B. Cluster Sampling
C. Systematic Random Sampling
D. Stratified Random Sampling
 EVALUATION: Directions: Read each question. Write
the letter of the correct answer.

4. A sample of 10 mice are selected at random from a set of 40 mice to

test the effect of a certain medicine.
A. Simple Random Sampling
B. Cluster Sampling
C. Systematic Random Sampling
D. Stratified Random Sampling
 EVALUATION: Directions: Read each question. Write
the letter of the correct answer.

5. A teacher researcher divided the subjects into four groups according

track/strands and then selected sample from each group.
A. Simple Random Sampling
B. Cluster Sampling
C. Systematic Random Sampling
D. Stratified Random Sampling
 ASSIGNMENT

Compute the sample size of the following using Slovin’s Formula.

1. N= 2500, e = 0.05
2. N= 486, e = 0.01
3. N=930, e = 0.1
4. N=1728, e = 0.01
5. N=1304, e = 0.05