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Mobile Application Development

Jan 13, 2024

Smart Devices at Home / Office

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Smart Devices on Road

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 Mobile Programming Projects
 Mobile Millennium Traffic in San Francisco and the Bay Area
 Source: http://traffic.berkeley.edu/

 CarTel Project at MIT

http://cartel.csail.mit.edu/doku.php

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 Mobile Application Development
 In-body smart devices
 Sensors/monitoring devices

 Drug delivery systems

 Medical robots

 Neural implants

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 Mobile Programming Projects
 Habitat Monitoring

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 Mobile Programming Projects
 Mobile Social Networking

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 Smart Phone – Overview
 A smartphone is a high-end mobile phone
 Combines the functions of
 mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA)

 portable media players, camera phones

 high-resolution touch screens

 web browsers, GPS navigation

 Wi-Fi and mobile broadband access, etc.

 Feature phone vs. Smartphone

 Feature phone

 proprietary firmware & limited platforms

 Smartphone

 open and complete mobile operating system

 tightly integrate with the user interface and phone features

 relies on a more powerful application programming interface (API)

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Smart Phones – Statistics

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Smart Phones – Statistics

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 Smart Phone – Pros
 Always with the user
 Increasingly powerful devices
 Typically GPS capable
 Typically have accelerometer
 Designed for communication
 2+ types of wireless connections
 Many apps are free or low-cost

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 Smart Phones – Cons
 Limited battery life
 Limited processor speed
 Limited RAM
 Limited, unreliable, and slow network access
 Limited screen size
 Limited permanent storage capacity
 Limited or awkward input
 (none great: soft keyboard, phone keypad, touch screen,

stylus, speech)
 Inconsistent platforms across devices
 High costs associated with data transfer
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 Mobile Applications
 What are they?
 Any application software that is developed for small low-power handheld

devices such as personal digital assistants, enterprise digital assistants or

mobile phones.
 Users on mobile phone’s
 Typically check the news, weather, email, or their social networks

 Often have a choice between the mobile web version or a specially-created

mobile app.
 Mobile App Types
 Web apps: run in a web browser

 HTML, JavaScript, Flash, server-side components, etc.

 Native: compiled binaries for the device

 Not cross-platform, but more interesting options

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 Mobile Application Development
 Web Apps Vs Native Apps
 Web apps are developed using HTML5, Javascript and others.
The application package is generated using frameworks like
PhoneGap
 Development is generic

 But the application requires Internet connectivity if the

application is run from a webserver. Also, the application

might be influenced by the web style of appearance.
 Native Apps are specific to the operating system of the mobile
and development is made using Objective-C or Java or others.

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 Native Development Environments
 Options
 Java ME
 .NET Compact Framework (C++, C#, VB.NET) for
 Windows Mobile
 Qualcomm’s BREW (C or C++)
 Symbian (C++)
 BlackBerry (Java)
 Android (Java)
 iPhone (Objective-C)
 Is having so many choices and so much industry
turmoil/competition a good thing?
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 Development Environments
 Most platforms have an SDK that you can download and
build against
 Every platform has an emulator that you can use to test your
apps
 Most emulators are configurable to match a variety of mobile
devices
 Various screen sizes, memory limitations, tablets, etc.

 In practice, emulators quite limited

 IDE - integrated development environment that provides

tools to allow a developer to write, test and deploy
applications into the target platform environment.

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xCode IDE & iPhone Emulator

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Eclipse and Android Emulator

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 Android
 Android, Inc. founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003
 Google acquired Android Inc. in August 2005
 Developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel
 Google marketed the platform to handset makers and carriers on the premise of
providing a flexible, upgradable system
 On November 2007, the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of several companies
(e.g., Broadcom, Google, HTC, Intel, etc. unveiled itself).
 The goal is to develop open standards for mobile devices.
 Open Handset Alliance unveiled their first product, Android, a mobile device platform
built on the Linux kernel version 2.6
 Android OS (open source) released in October 2008

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 Why Android
 Simple and powerful SDK
 Android SDK makes use of JDK (Java SE Development Kit)
 No licensing fees
 Excellent documentation, and a thriving developer community
 From commercial perspective
 Requires no certification for becoming an Android developer

 Provides the Android Market for distribution and

monetization of your application

 Has no approval process for application distribution

 Gives you total control over your brand and access to the

user’s home screen

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 Android Overview
 Open source OS and development platform
 In theory, you can change anything

 In practice....

 Hardware reference design

 Linux OS kernel
 Open-source libraries for app development
 E.g., SQLite, Webkit, OpenGL, media manager, Mobile

Application Design and Development

 SDK and tools
 Preinstalled apps
 Wild west of app stores: the Market / Play Store
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 Android Version
 Initial: 1.5 (Cupcake) (Apr 2009) , 1.6 (Donut) (Sep’09)
 2.0/2.1 (Eclair) (Oct’09/Jan’10) : new web browser, new
user interface, support for HTML5, Geolocation API,
enhanced camera features / voice controls, 5 homescreens,
animated backgrounds.
 2.2 (Froyo) (May’10) : speed improvement, Chrome v8
JavaScript engine, Wi-Fi tethering, Adobe Flash support
 2.3 (Gingerbread) (Dec’10) : Near Field
Communication
 3.0 (Honeycomb) (Feb’11) : tablet-oriented release,
supports multicore processors, hardware acceleration for
graphics
 3.1 (Honeycomb) (May’11) : directly transfer content
from USB devices
 3.2 (Honeycomb) (July’11) : adds several new
capabilities for users and developer (e.g., providing  https://source.android.com/sou
developers with more precise control over the UI) rce/build-numbers.html
 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) (Oct’11) : combination of  Version 4.4 – 4.4.4; KitKat:
Gingerbread and Honeycomb API Level 19
 4.1 (Jelly Bean) (Jul’12) : improve user interface 22
 Android – Features & Specifications
 Platform is adaptable to larger, VGA, 2D graphics library, 3D
OpenGL graphics library
 Storage - SQLite, a lightweight relational database
 Connectivity - supports connectivity technologies including
GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi,
LTE, NFC and WiMAX.
 Messaging – SMS, MMS, threaded text messaging, Push
Messaging service.
 Multiple language support
 Web browser - based on the open-source WebKit layout engine,
coupled with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.
 Java support – no Java Virtual Machine, Dalvik executables
and run on Dalvik 23
 Android – Features & Specifications
 Media support - audio/video/still media formats: WebM, H.263, H.264,
MPEG-4 SP, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP, etc.
 Streaming media support - RTP/RTSP streaming (3GPP PSS, ISMA),
HTML5 <video> tag, Adobe Flash Streaming (RTMP), HTTP Dynamic
Streaming, Apple HTTP Live Streaming
 Additional hardware support - video/still cameras, touchscreens, GPS,
accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, dedicated gaming controls,
proximity and pressure sensors, thermometers, accelerated 2D bit blits and
accelerated 3D graphics
 Multi-touch
 Bluetooth - supports A2DP, AVRCP, sending files (OPP), accessing the
phone book (PBAP), voice dialing and sending contacts between phones.
Keyboard, mouse and joystick (HID)

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 Android – Features & Specifications
 Video calling – no native video calling, but some handsets have a customized
version of the operating system that supports it. Video calling through Google
Talk is available in Android 2.3.4 and later. Skype 2.1 offers video calling in
Android 2.3, including front camera support.
 Multitasking
 Voice based features - Google search through voice and voice actions for
calling, texting, navigation, etc.
 Tethering - Supports sharing of Internet connections as a wired/wireless
hotspot
 Google describes Android as: “The first truly open and comprehensive
platform for mobile devices, all of the software to run a mobile phone but
without the proprietary obstacles that have hindered mobile innovation.”

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Please visit our website to know
about mobile app development
course.

Visit: whytechnologies.co.uk

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