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MATM1644 (Eigenvalue Eigenvector)

This document discusses eigenvalues and eigenvectors. It defines an eigenvalue problem as finding nonzero vectors x and scalars s such that Ax = sx, where A is a nonzero n x n matrix. An eigenvalue is a value of s for which this equation has a nontrivial solution x, called the eigenvector. The document provides an example of finding the eigenvalues (λ = 1, 2) and eigenvectors ([1;2], [-1;1]) of the matrix A = [[1,2],[0,1]]. It demonstrates solving a characteristic equation to obtain eigenvalues and then solving the original equation Ax = λx to find the corresponding eigenvectors. Exercises are provided to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors for additional matrices.

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17 views12 pages

MATM1644 (Eigenvalue Eigenvector)

This document discusses eigenvalues and eigenvectors. It defines an eigenvalue problem as finding nonzero vectors x and scalars s such that Ax = sx, where A is a nonzero n x n matrix. An eigenvalue is a value of s for which this equation has a nontrivial solution x, called the eigenvector. The document provides an example of finding the eigenvalues (λ = 1, 2) and eigenvectors ([1;2], [-1;1]) of the matrix A = [[1,2],[0,1]]. It demonstrates solving a characteristic equation to obtain eigenvalues and then solving the original equation Ax = λx to find the corresponding eigenvectors. Exercises are provided to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors for additional matrices.

Uploaded by

fekehi1116
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Question: Let be a nonzero n x n square matrix. Find nonzero x’s and s such that

Such kind of problem is called an eigenvalue problem.

Definition: A value of , for which

(1)

has a solution , is called an eigenvalue of the matrix A. The corresponding solutions

of (1) are called eigenvectors of A corresponding to that eigenvalue of


Example: 1. Find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of .
Solution: (a) Eigenvalues: These must be determined first.
Hence, or ,

This can be written in matrix form


because
By Cramer’s rule, it has a nontrivial solution if and only if
det (A - ) = 0. This equation is called characteristic equation of A.
This implies

Thus,

(b1) Eigenvector of A for :

From Equation (2) above we have This gives x2 = 2x1 .

If we choose x1 = 1, then x2 = 2 and is the eigenvector for A at .

(b2) Eigenvector of A for : Similarly, from equation (2), we get

Thus, x1 = -2x2 and if we choose, x2 = -1 then x1 = 2.


Hence, is the eigenvector for A at .

2. Let , then find eigen values and eigenvectors of A.

Solution: (Exercise) (

3. Find the eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors for the matrix

.
Solution: (a) The characteristic equation is equivalent to

This gives

Thus, are the eigenvalues of A. Hence, becomes


(b1) Eigenvector for equivalent to

From the last equation, we have x2 = x3 and choose x3 = 1 and then x2 = 1. Thus, x1 = -1.

Hence, is the corresponding eigenvector for .

(b2) Similarly, show that and are eigenvectors of A for .


Exercises: Find the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors.

3.

4.

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