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Unit 3.2 Perception

This document discusses perception and attribution theory. It defines perception as how individuals organize and interpret sensory impressions to make meaning of their environment. Attribution theory proposes that people make internal or external attributions for events and behaviors - internal attributions see causes as due to traits and abilities, while external attributions see causes as due to situational factors. The document also discusses factors that influence perception like the perceiver, target, and situation, as well as cognitive shortcuts like the fundamental attribution error in making judgments of others.

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Abhijeet Bochare
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25 views13 pages

Unit 3.2 Perception

This document discusses perception and attribution theory. It defines perception as how individuals organize and interpret sensory impressions to make meaning of their environment. Attribution theory proposes that people make internal or external attributions for events and behaviors - internal attributions see causes as due to traits and abilities, while external attributions see causes as due to situational factors. The document also discusses factors that influence perception like the perceiver, target, and situation, as well as cognitive shortcuts like the fundamental attribution error in making judgments of others.

Uploaded by

Abhijeet Bochare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 3.

2 PERCEPTION Gopa Das


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WHAT IS PERCEPTION?
A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in
order to give meaning to their environment.

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WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
Because people’s behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on
reality itself. The world that is perceived is the world that is behaviorally important.

01/13/2024 GOPA DAS 4


FACTORS INFLUENCING
PERCEPTION
oThe Perceiver – attitudes, motives,
interests, experiences, expectations

oThe Target – novelty, motions, sounds,


size, background, proximity, similarity

oThe Situation – time, work setting,


social situation

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THE PERCEPTION PROCESS

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WHAT IS ATTRIBUTION
Attributions are inferences that people make about the causes of events and behavior. The
definition of attribution means the act of giving someone credit for doing something or the
quality or characteristic of a particular person. Holding a banquet and distributing awards in
honor of a local hero is an act of attribution.

Attribution theory proposes that the attributions people make about events and behavior can be classed
as either internal or external. In an Internal Attribution, people infer that an event or a person’s
behavior is due to personal factors such as traits, abilities, or feelings. In an External Attribution, people
infer that a person’s behavior is due to situational factors.

Example: Maria’s car breaks down on the freeway. If she believes the breakdown happened because of
her ignorance about cars, she is making an internal attribution. If she believes that the breakdown
happened because her car is old, she is making an external attribution.

01/13/2024 GOPA DAS 7


PERSON PERCEPTION:
MAKING JUDGMENTS
ABOUT OTHERS
Attribution Theory

When individuals observe behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is


internally (under the personal control of the individual) or externally (outside causes
“force” you to behave a certain way) caused.

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FUNDAMENTAL
ATTRIBUTION ERROR

The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the
influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others.

Self-Serving Bias
– The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors
while putting the blame for failures on external factors.

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ATTRIBUTION THEORY - FREQUENTLY
USED SHORTCUTS IN JUDGING OTHERS

- Selective Perception
– People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interest,
background, experience, and attitudes.
- Halo Effect
– Drawing a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single
characteristic.

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ATTRIBUTION THEORY - FREQUENTLY
USED SHORTCUTS IN JUDGING OTHERS
-Contrast Effects
– Evaluations of a person’s characteristics that are affected by comparisons with
other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same
characteristics.
- Projection
– Attributing one’s own characteristics to other people
- Stereotyping
– Judging someone on the basis of one’s perception of the group to which that
person belongs.

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SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS OF
PERCEPTION IN
ORGANIZATIONS
1. Employment interview
2. Performance Expectations
3. Performance Evaluations
4. Employee Effort

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THANK Q

Activity- Fish Pond

01/13/2024 GOPA DAS 13

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