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    Prescription Off

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    Dinesh Shakya
    This document discusses key aspects of prescriptions including their parts, types, handling, and potential errors. It notes that a prescription contains prescriber information, patient details, medication instructions for the pharmacist and patient, and prescriber signature. It describes compounded and non-compounded prescriptions and emphasizes the pharmacist's role in accurately reading, preparing, packaging, and labeling dispensed medications to avoid errors and ensure patient safety.

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    Prescription Off

    Uploaded by

    Dinesh Shakya
    39 views35 pages
    This document discusses key aspects of prescriptions including their parts, types, handling, and potential errors. It notes that a prescription contains prescriber information, patient details, medication instructions for the pharmacist and patient, and prescriber signature. It describes compounded and non-compounded prescriptions and emphasizes the pharmacist's role in accurately reading, preparing, packaging, and labeling dispensed medications to avoid errors and ensure patient safety.

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    This document discusses key aspects of prescriptions including their parts, types, handling, and potential errors. It notes that a prescription contains prescriber information, patient details, medication instructions for the pharmacist and patient, and prescriber signature. It describes compounded and non-compounded prescriptions and emphasizes the pharmacist's role in accurately reading, preparing, packaging, and labeling dispensed medications to avoid errors and ensure patient safety.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    39 views35 pages

    Prescription Off

    Uploaded by

    Dinesh Shakya
    This document discusses key aspects of prescriptions including their parts, types, handling, and potential errors. It notes that a prescription contains prescriber information, patient details, medication instructions for the pharmacist and patient, and prescriber signature. It describes compounded and non-compounded prescriptions and emphasizes the pharmacist's role in accurately reading, preparing, packaging, and labeling dispensed medications to avoid errors and ensure patient safety.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 35

    PRESCRIPTION

    Mr. DINESH SHAKYA


    Assistant Professor
    Faculty of Pharmaceutics
    Jain College,Gwalior
    CONTENTS
    INTRODUCTION OF PRESCRIPTION
    PARTS OF PRESCRIPTION
    TYPES OF PRESCRIPTION

    HANDLING OF PRESCRIPTION
    ERROR IN PRESCRIPTION
    INTRODUCTION
     It is an order by a physician, dentist,
    written
    veterinarian or a registered medical practitioner
    (RMP) to a pharmacist to compound and dispense a
    specific drug for the patient. OR
     Prescription is a written order for medication, issued
    by physician or RMP. Prescription is relationship
    between physician and pharmacist.
    Physician (RMP) Pharmacist patients
    PARTS OF A
    PRESCRIPTION
    A typical prescription consists of the following parts:
    1. Prescriber office information
    2. Date
    3. Patient information (Name, Age, Sex And Address Of The
    Patient)
    4. Superscription (symbol ℞)
    5. Inscription (Medication prescribed)- Main part of prescription
    6. Subscription(Direction to Pharmacist/Dispenser )
    7. Signatura or Transcription (Direction for Patient)
    8. Renewal instructions
    9. Prescriber’s signature and registration number.
    1.Physician (Prescriber) office Information:
    Information about physician is essential so that the patient
    could be contact in emergency. Following information is
    mentioned on the prescription
    i. Doctor's or office name.
    ii. Address with phone number and e-mail.
    iii. Prescription number, (required calling the
    when
    pharmacy for a refill)
    2. Date
    It helps a pharmacist to find out the date of
    prescribing.
    It also helps in know when the medicines were last
    dispensed if the prescription is brought for
    redispens.
    In case of habit forming drug the date prevents
    the misuse of the drug by the patient
    3. Patient information
    PATIENT INFORMATION (Name, Age, Sex and
    Address of the Patient)
    Name and address of the patient for identification
    purpose.
    Age and sex of the patient is required for child
    patient to check the prescribed dose.
    4. SUPERSCRIPTION (symbol ℞)
    It is represented by ℞ (Latin term)
    „recipe‟ which means „take thou‟ or „you take‟.
    In olden days, the symbol was
    considered to be originated from the sign of
    Jupiter.
    Jupiter is the Greek God of healing.
    This symbol was use for requesting God for the quick
    recovery of the patient.
    5. INSCRIPTION (Medication prescribed)
    It is the main part of the prescription.
    It contains the names and quantities of the prescribed
    medicaments.
    The medicament may be official preparation or nonofficial
    preparation.
    a.) Official preparation (i.e. from pharmacopoeia) – Only
    name of the preparation is written E.g. Piperazine Citrate
    Elixir IP
    b.) Nonofficial preparation- Quantity of each ingredient
    will be given and type of preparation will also be given
    6. SUBSCRIPTION (Direction to Pharmacist)

    In this part the prescriber gives direction to the


    pharmacista) Regarding the dosage form to be
    prepared.
    b) Number of doses to be dispensed.
    7. SIGNATURA (Direction for
    Patient)
    To be placed on the label.
    It is usually written as „Sig.‟.
    The signatura written in english and use
    some
    Latin abbreviations like t.i.d (thrice a
    day),
    b.i.d (twice a day) and o.d (once a day).
    Cont..
    Instructions should be written on the label of container so that
    the patient can follow them.
    The instructions may include-
    a) Quantity to be taken(dose of drug)
    b) Frequency and timing of administration of the
    preparation
    (dose interval)
    c) Route of administration
    d) Special instruction (if any)
    8. RENEWAL
    INSTRUCTIONS
    The number of times a prescription is to be repeated is
    written by the physician.
    It is very important for the case of habit forming drugs
    to prevent its misuse.
    9. PRESCRIBER’S SIGNATURE AND
    REGISTRATION NUMBER

    The prescription must be signed by the

    prescriber by his / her own hand.

    Registration number should be written

    in the case of dangerous and habit

    forming drugs.
    TYPES OF PRESCRIPTION
    Prescriptions can be classified as
    a) Compounded prescription

    b) Noncompounded prescription
    a). Compounded prescription-
    Also known as extemporaneous prescription.
    It is an order that requires mixing
    of one or more ingredients (active
    medicaments).
    It contains several ingredients which
    are divided into the following parts:
    (a) Base: The active medicaments (Produce
    the therapeutic effect).
    (b) Additives-1) It enhances the action of the drug.
    Cont…
    2) It makes the preparation more elegant (attractive)
    and palatable.
    (c) Vehicle: It is the main carrier of the drug. E.g. -In
    liquid preparations solvent (water) used as vehicle.
    Now a day’s compounding is omitted from
    prescription.
    E.g. Sodium bicarbonate -3g
    Simple Syrup -6ml
    Purified Water (q.s.)-
    100ml
    b).Non-compounded
    prescription
    Does not require compounding of
    pharmaceutical

    product.

    Precompounded drugs supplied by a

    pharmaceutical company by its official or

    proprietary name.
    example
    Latin Terms Latin term / phrases
    Abbreviation
    Semel in die or omne in o.d. Once a day
    die

    Bis in die, Bis die b.d Twice a day

    Ter in die, Ter die t.i.d Thrice a day

    Quartar in die q.i.d., q.d Four times a day

    Si opus sit s.o.s When required


    HANDLING OF PRESCRIPTION
    The following procedures should be adopted by the
    pharmacist while handling the prescription for
    compounding and dispensing:
    I. Receiving
    II. Reading and checking
    III. Collecting and weighing the materials
    IV. Compounding, packaging and labeling
    I. Receiving
    The prescription should be received by the pharmacist.
    While receiving a prescription, a pharmacist should
    not change his/her facial expression.
    It gives an impression that he/she is confused or
    surprised after seeing the prescription.
    II. Reading and checking
    After receiving the prescription it should be
    screened behind the counter.
    Prescription authenticity should be checked.
    The signature of the prescriber and the date of prescription
    should be checked.
    The pharmacist should read all the lines and words of the
    prescription.
    He/she must not guess any word.
    If there is any doubt, the pharmacist
    shouldconsult with the other pharmacist or the
    prescriber over telephone.
    (III). Collecting and weighing the material

    Before compounding a prescription all the materials


    should be collected from the shelves or drawers.
    All the materials kept in the left hand side of the
    balance. After measuring each material should be
    kept on the right hand side of the balance.
    IV. Compounding, packaging and labeling

    Only one prescription should be compounded at a time.


    Compounding should be done on a clean table.
    All equipment required should be cleaned and dried.
    The preparation should be prepared according to the
    direction of the prescriber or as per methods given in
    pharmacopoeia or formulary.
    The compounded preparations should be filled in
    suitable containers.
    Label the container.
    4. Communication failure
    Failures during the process of patient management -
    Includes illegible handwriting, incomplete
    prescribing order. Common errors include: „g‟
    mistaken for „mg‟
    5.Dosage form of the drug prescribed

    Many drugs are available in more than one dosage

    forms. E.g. liquid, tablets, injections or suppositories.

    The dosage form intended for the patient must be

    mentioned in the prescription to reduce ambiguity.


    6.Dose
    If unusually high or low dose is mentioned in the
    prescription then it must be consulted with the
    prescriber. Some time a sustained release (SR) dosage
    form is prescribed thrice or more times daily.
    Actually SR dosage forms should be given once or
    twice a day.
    7.Instructions to the patient
    Some times the instruction for a certain
    preparation is either omitted of mentioned
    partially. The route of administration should be
    mentioned clearly.
    8. Incompatibilities
    It is essential to check that there are no pharmaceutical
    or therapeutic incompatibilities in the prescription. If
    more than two medicines are prescribed then it is the
    duty of the pharmacist to see whether their
    interactions will produce any harm to the patient or
    not. Certain drugs have interactions with food. E..g,
    Tetracycline should not be taken with milk or antacid.
    LABELING OF DISPENSED
    MEDICINES
    After dispensing the medicine in a container, a label is
    attached by adhesive. The label on the dispensed
    medicines should provide the following
    information:–
    1. Name of the preparation-
    When the prescriber mentions the name in the
    prescription the same name must be displayed on
    the label.
    Example
    PIPERAZINE CITRATE ELIXIR IP
    If it is a non-official preparation then the name of the
    dosage form should be given on the label.
    e.g. THE MIXTURE, THE EMULSION,
    THE DUSTING POWDER
    Cont…
    2. The strength of the medicine-
    The strength of the active ingredient in the
    preparation must be displayed if it is intended for
    internal (oral) purpose. The amount in each unit of
    dose should be mentioned.
    e.g. In case of oral liquids “Each 5ml contains
    250mg”
    e.g. In case of tablet “Each tablet contains 500mg”.
    Cont..
    The values must be written in whole numbers and if
    decimal is not avoidable then a zero is placed before
    the decimal point. E.g. instead of 0.1g it should be
    100mg, and instead of .5% it should be 0.5%. In case
    of an official preparation the strength is not required
    to be given, because the name with reference to the
    pharmacopoeia is sufficient.
    E.g. CHLORAMPHENICOL ORAL
    SUSPENSION IP.

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