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Types-of-Errors-in-Hypothesis-Testing

The document defines two types of errors in hypothesis testing: Type I errors, which involve rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true, and Type II errors, which involve not rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false. It provides examples of Type I and Type II errors related to medical diagnoses and used car safety. Specifically, a Type I error would be a doctor believing a patient has cancer when they are cancer-free, while a Type II error would be a doctor believing a patient is cancer-free when they actually have cancer. Generally, Type II errors are considered to have greater consequence since a false diagnosis could have serious health implications.

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Lady Jane Cagulada
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70 views9 pages

Types-of-Errors-in-Hypothesis-Testing

The document defines two types of errors in hypothesis testing: Type I errors, which involve rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true, and Type II errors, which involve not rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false. It provides examples of Type I and Type II errors related to medical diagnoses and used car safety. Specifically, a Type I error would be a doctor believing a patient has cancer when they are cancer-free, while a Type II error would be a doctor believing a patient is cancer-free when they actually have cancer. Generally, Type II errors are considered to have greater consequence since a false diagnosis could have serious health implications.

Uploaded by

Lady Jane Cagulada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Errors in

Hypothesis Testing
Types of Errors

▪ Type I Error – Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

▪ Type II Error – Not rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false


Types of Errors

Null Hypothesis (Ho)


RESEARCHER
TRUE FALSE
Reject Ho Type I error

Fail to Reject Ho Type II error


Types of Errors

▪ P(type I error/ Ho is true) = α


▪ P(type II error/ Ho is false) = β
▪ P(rejecting a false Ho) = 1- β
Example

1. Let’s say that the null hypothesis Ho is : John’s used car is safe to drive.
(a) Which statement represents a type I error? (b) Which statement
represents a type II error? (c) Which type of error has greater consequence?

a) John thinks that his car may be safe, in fact, it is not safe.
b) John thinks that his car may be safe, in fact, it is safe.
c) John thinks that his car may NOT be safe, in fact, it is not safe.
d) John thinks that his car may NOT be safe, in fact, it is safe.
Ho: John’s used car is safe to drive.

John thinks that his car may be John thinks that his car may
safe, in fact, it is not safe. NOT be safe, in fact, it is safe.
▪ It says that the Ho is false ▪ Agrees with the Ho
▪ Fails to reject false Ho (accepts ▪ But rejects the Ho
false Ho)
▪ Type I error
▪ Type II error
Exercise

1. During a medical examination, the null hypothesis Ho is: The patient is


presumed cancer free: (a) Which statement represents a type I error? (b)
Which statement represents a type II error? (c) Which type of error has
greater consequence?
a) The doctor believes that the patient still has cancer when, in fact, the patient is cancer free.
b) The doctor believes that the patient still has cancer when, in fact, the patient has cancer.
c) The doctor believes that the patient is cancer free when, in fact, the patient has cancer.
d) The doctor believes that the patient is cancer free when, in fact, the patient is cancer free.
Ho: The patient is presumed cancer
free.

The doctor believes that the patient still has The doctor believes that the patient is cancer
cancer when, in fact, the patient is cancer
free.
free when, in fact, the patient has cancer.

▪ It says that the Ho is true ▪ Disagrees with the Ho (false)


▪ The doctor rejects the Ho ▪ The doctor fails to reject the
Ho (accepts Ho)
▪ Type I error
▪ Type II error
Thank you!

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