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ITC4344 1 Intro

This document provides an introduction to cloud computing. It discusses how cloud computing allows computing resources to be accessed as utilities over the internet, similar to electricity or water. Key points are that cloud computing has realized John McCarthy's vision of computing as a public utility and exploits advances in software, networking, storage and processors. Challenges of cloud computing include availability of service, vendor lock-in, data security and performance unpredictability due to resource sharing.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
20 views15 pages

ITC4344 1 Intro

This document provides an introduction to cloud computing. It discusses how cloud computing allows computing resources to be accessed as utilities over the internet, similar to electricity or water. Key points are that cloud computing has realized John McCarthy's vision of computing as a public utility and exploits advances in software, networking, storage and processors. Challenges of cloud computing include availability of service, vendor lock-in, data security and performance unpredictability due to resource sharing.
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ITC4344:

Cloud Computing
Lecture 1

Introduction

Department of Information Technology


Bayero University, Kano
Introduction

 Conceptually, computing can be viewed as another utility, like


electricity, water, or gas, accessible to every household in many
countries of the world.
 Computer clouds are the utilities providing computing services.
 In utility computing the hardware and the software resources are
concentrated in large data centers.
 The users of computing services pay as they consume computing,
storage, and communication resources.
 While utility computing often requires a cloud-like infrastructure, the
focus of cloud computing is on the business model for providing
computing services.
Introduction

 More than half a century ago, at the centennial anniversary of MIT, John
McCarthy, the 1971 Turing Award recipient for his work in Artificial
Intelligence, prophetically stated:
 “If computers of the type I have advocated become the computers of the future,
then computing may someday be organized as a public utility, just as the telephone
system is a public utility... The computer utility could become the basis of a new
and important industry.”
 The prediction of McCarthy is now a technological and social reality.
Introduction

 Cloud computing is a disruptive computing paradigm and, as such, it required


major changes in many areas of computer science and computer engineering
including data storage, computer architecture, networking, resource
management, scheduling, and last but not least, computer security.
 The scale of the cloud infrastructure and the very large population of cloud
users with diverse applications and requirements have posed significant
challenges.
Introduction

 The Internet made cloud computing possible; we could not even dream of
using computing and storage resources from distant data centers without fast
communication.
 The evolution of cloud computing is organically tied to the future of the
Internet. The Internet of Things (IoT) has already planted some of its early
seeds in computer clouds.
 For example, Amazon already offers services such as Lambda and Kinesis
Introduction

 The number of Internet users has increased tenfold from 1999 to 2013; the
first billion was reached in 2005, the second in 2010, and the third in 2014.
 This number is even larger now.
Introduction

 Many Internet users have discovered the appeal of cloud computing either
directly or indirectly through a variety of services, without knowing the role
the clouds play in their life.
 In the years to come the vast computational resources provided by the cloud
infrastructure will be used for the design and engineering of complex
systems, scientific discovery, education, business, analytics, art, and virtually
all other aspects of human endeavor.
 Exabytes of data stored in the clouds are streamed, downloaded, and
accessed by millions of cloud users.
Vision of Cloud Computing

 Cloud computing allows anyone with a credit card to provision virtual


hardware, runtime environments, and services.
 The use of cloud computing is often limited to a single service at a time or,
more commonly, a set of related services offered by the same vendor.
 The lack of effective standardization efforts made it difficult to move hosted
services from one vendor to another.
Vision of Cloud Computing

 The long-term vision of cloud computing is that IT services are traded as


utilities in an open market, without technological and legal barriers.
 Many of the technological elements contributing to this vision already exist.
Vision of Cloud Computing
Why Cloud is Successful?

 Due to the economy of scale large data centers, centers with more than 50
000 systems, are more economical to operate than medium size centers which
have around 1 000 systems.
 Large data centers equipped with commodity computers experience a five to
seven times decrease of resource consumption, including energy, compared to
medium size data centers.
 The networking costs is more than 7 times larger for medium size data
centers. The storage costs is about 6 times larger for medium size centers.
 Medium size data centers have a larger administrative overhead, one system
administrator for 140 systems versus one for 1 000 systems for large centers.
Why Cloud is Successful?

 Data centers are very large consumers of electric energy used to keep the
servers and the networking infrastructure running and heating and cooling the
data centers.
 In 2006 the data centers reportedly consumed 61 billion kWh, 1.5% of all electric
energy in the U.S., at a cost of $4.5 billion.
 There was a 4% increase in total data center energy consumption from 2010 to
2014.
Why Cloud is Successful?

 Why cloud computing could be successful when other paradigms have failed?
 Exploits recent advances in software, networking, storage, and processor
technologies.
 Cloud consists of a mostly homogeneous set of hardware and software resources in
a single administrative domain.
 Cloud computing is focused on enterprise computing
 A cloud provides the illusion of infinite computing resources
 A cloud eliminates the need for up-front financial commitment and it is based on a
pay-as-you-go approach
Challenges

 Availability of service; what happens when the service provider cannot


deliver?
 Vendor lock-in; once a customer is hooked to one cloud service provider it is
hard to move to another.
 Data confidentiality and auditability;
 Data transfer bottlenecks critical for data-intensive applications.
 Performance unpredictability; this is one of the consequences of resource
sharing.
 Elasticity, the ability to scale up and down quickly.
 Legal issues
Who Coined Cloud Computing?

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