ITC4344 1 Intro
ITC4344 1 Intro
Cloud Computing
Lecture 1
Introduction
More than half a century ago, at the centennial anniversary of MIT, John
McCarthy, the 1971 Turing Award recipient for his work in Artificial
Intelligence, prophetically stated:
“If computers of the type I have advocated become the computers of the future,
then computing may someday be organized as a public utility, just as the telephone
system is a public utility... The computer utility could become the basis of a new
and important industry.”
The prediction of McCarthy is now a technological and social reality.
Introduction
The Internet made cloud computing possible; we could not even dream of
using computing and storage resources from distant data centers without fast
communication.
The evolution of cloud computing is organically tied to the future of the
Internet. The Internet of Things (IoT) has already planted some of its early
seeds in computer clouds.
For example, Amazon already offers services such as Lambda and Kinesis
Introduction
The number of Internet users has increased tenfold from 1999 to 2013; the
first billion was reached in 2005, the second in 2010, and the third in 2014.
This number is even larger now.
Introduction
Many Internet users have discovered the appeal of cloud computing either
directly or indirectly through a variety of services, without knowing the role
the clouds play in their life.
In the years to come the vast computational resources provided by the cloud
infrastructure will be used for the design and engineering of complex
systems, scientific discovery, education, business, analytics, art, and virtually
all other aspects of human endeavor.
Exabytes of data stored in the clouds are streamed, downloaded, and
accessed by millions of cloud users.
Vision of Cloud Computing
Due to the economy of scale large data centers, centers with more than 50
000 systems, are more economical to operate than medium size centers which
have around 1 000 systems.
Large data centers equipped with commodity computers experience a five to
seven times decrease of resource consumption, including energy, compared to
medium size data centers.
The networking costs is more than 7 times larger for medium size data
centers. The storage costs is about 6 times larger for medium size centers.
Medium size data centers have a larger administrative overhead, one system
administrator for 140 systems versus one for 1 000 systems for large centers.
Why Cloud is Successful?
Data centers are very large consumers of electric energy used to keep the
servers and the networking infrastructure running and heating and cooling the
data centers.
In 2006 the data centers reportedly consumed 61 billion kWh, 1.5% of all electric
energy in the U.S., at a cost of $4.5 billion.
There was a 4% increase in total data center energy consumption from 2010 to
2014.
Why Cloud is Successful?
Why cloud computing could be successful when other paradigms have failed?
Exploits recent advances in software, networking, storage, and processor
technologies.
Cloud consists of a mostly homogeneous set of hardware and software resources in
a single administrative domain.
Cloud computing is focused on enterprise computing
A cloud provides the illusion of infinite computing resources
A cloud eliminates the need for up-front financial commitment and it is based on a
pay-as-you-go approach
Challenges
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