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Triangulation Method

This document discusses how to locate the epicenter of an earthquake using triangulation. [1] Seismogram records from 3 stations are used to determine the difference in arrival times of P and S waves. [2] These time differences and the speed of the waves are used to calculate distance circles around each station. [3] The intersection of the 3 circles locates the epicenter on a map. An example problem is provided to demonstrate the triangulation process.

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KRISTINE UMBAO
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128 views17 pages

Triangulation Method

This document discusses how to locate the epicenter of an earthquake using triangulation. [1] Seismogram records from 3 stations are used to determine the difference in arrival times of P and S waves. [2] These time differences and the speed of the waves are used to calculate distance circles around each station. [3] The intersection of the 3 circles locates the epicenter on a map. An example problem is provided to demonstrate the triangulation process.

Uploaded by

KRISTINE UMBAO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Read the questions and choose the letter of your

best answer.

1. What is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves that


move through and around the earth?

a. Meteorology c. Seismology

b. Volcanology d. Geology
2. What are the waves of energy caused by the sudden
breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion?

a. Body Wave c. Seismic Wave

b. Primary Wave d. Secondary Wave


3. What is the wave that can travel through the earth’s
inner layer?

a. Body Wave c. Seismic Wave

b. Primary Wave d. Secondary Wave


4. What is the fastest type of seismic wave that arrives
first in the seismic station?

a. Body Wave c. Seismic Wave

b. Primary Wave d. Secondary Wave


5. What is the second wave you feel when there is an
earthquake?

a. Body Wave c. Seismic Wave

b. Primary Wave d. Secondary Wave


• is a way of determining something’s
location using the location of other things.

• It is commonly used by geologists to find


the locations of earthquakes and is also
used to determine the spacecraft location.

• There are several ways to use the


triangulation method to figure out the
location.
Locating the Epicenter
• Terms
• Focus/Hypocenter - the place within Earth where earthquake waves
originate
• Epicenter – location on the surface directly above the focus
• Epicenter is located using the difference in velocities of P and S waves
Steps to Locating the
Epicenter
Step 1: 3 Seismogram Records
 Find the difference in arrival time between the P-wave
and the S-wave.
 To do this refer to each of the three seismogram
readings and record arrival times for P-wave and S-wave.
 One example is shown below:
P-Waves S-Waves

Arrival time of Arrival time of


P-waves (23 S-waves (27
Minutes) Minutes)
Locating the Epicenter
Step 2: Compute the time difference
 Compute the distance of the epicenter from each
stations using the formula:

 Where:

d = Distance (km)
Td = Time difference in the arrive time of P-wave
and S-Wave (s)
Locating the Epicenter
Step 3: Use Triangulation to Pin Point the Epicenter:

 Using the compass make a circle from station using


the scale of 1cm: 100 km as radius.

 Three such circles will


intersect in a point that
locates the epicenter of the
earthquake.
Locating the Epicenter

Step 4: Repeat step 1-3 for the remaining station.

Step 5: Draw a star where the 3 circles met, that


is the location of earthquake epicenter.
Practice Problem

Time Distance to Measure on


Station Difference (td) the Epicenter the map as
radius

Lopez 56 seconds

Pitogo 40 seconds

General 64 seconds
Luna
Let’s solve the missing data using the formula given:
General Luna
Practice Problem
Time Distance to Measure on
Station Difference (td) the Epicenter the map as
radius

Lopez 56 seconds 700km 7cm

Pitogo 40 seconds 500km 5cm

General 64 seconds 800km 8cm


Luna
EPICENTER

7cm
5cm
8cm

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