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    Major Insect Pests of Drumstick

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    Navneet Mahant
    This document summarizes major insect pests that affect drumstick (Moringa oleifera). It discusses 6 main pests in more detail: 1) Bud worm (Noorda moringae), which bores into flower buds; 2) Leaf caterpillar (Noorda blitealis), which feeds on leaf lamina; 3) Pod fly (Gitona distigma), whose maggots enter tender fruits; 4) Hairy caterpillars such as Eupterote mollifera, which feed gregariously and cause defoliation; 5) Bark borer (Indarbela tetraonis), whose grubs burrow beneath bark; and 6) Long horn beetles like Bat

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    Major Insect Pests of Drumstick

    Uploaded by

    Navneet Mahant
    24 views32 pages
    This document summarizes major insect pests that affect drumstick (Moringa oleifera). It discusses 6 main pests in more detail: 1) Bud worm (Noorda moringae), which bores into flower buds; 2) Leaf caterpillar (Noorda blitealis), which feeds on leaf lamina; 3) Pod fly (Gitona distigma), whose maggots enter tender fruits; 4) Hairy caterpillars such as Eupterote mollifera, which feed gregariously and cause defoliation; 5) Bark borer (Indarbela tetraonis), whose grubs burrow beneath bark; and 6) Long horn beetles like Bat

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    This document summarizes major insect pests that affect drumstick (Moringa oleifera). It discusses 6 main pests in more detail: 1) Bud worm (Noorda moringae), which bores into flower buds; 2) Leaf caterpillar (Noorda blitealis), which feeds on leaf lamina; 3) Pod fly (Gitona distigma), whose maggots enter tender fruits; 4) Hairy caterpillars such as Eupterote mollifera, which feed gregariously and cause defoliation; 5) Bark borer (Indarbela tetraonis), whose grubs burrow beneath bark; and 6) Long horn beetles like Bat

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views32 pages

    Major Insect Pests of Drumstick

    Uploaded by

    Navneet Mahant
    This document summarizes major insect pests that affect drumstick (Moringa oleifera). It discusses 6 main pests in more detail: 1) Bud worm (Noorda moringae), which bores into flower buds; 2) Leaf caterpillar (Noorda blitealis), which feeds on leaf lamina; 3) Pod fly (Gitona distigma), whose maggots enter tender fruits; 4) Hairy caterpillars such as Eupterote mollifera, which feed gregariously and cause defoliation; 5) Bark borer (Indarbela tetraonis), whose grubs burrow beneath bark; and 6) Long horn beetles like Bat

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    PRESENTATION

    ON
    MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF DRUMSTICK

    SUBMITTED TO,
    Dr. S. NAGAR SUBMMITED BY,
    DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PROTECTION NAVNEET
    I.D. NO. 15MSENT015

    DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
    ALLAHABAD SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE
    SAM HIGGINBOTTOM INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY &
    SCIENCES
    [Formerly-Allahabad Agricultural Institute]
    (Deemed-to-be-University)
    ALLAHABAD- 211007, U.P., INDIA
    DRUMSTICK
    Botanical name :- Moringa oleifera
    Order :- Brassicales
    Family :- Moringaceae
    Nutritional value
    Major insect pests of moringa
    1. Bud worm (Noorda moringae)
    2. Leaf caterpillar (Noorda blitealis)
    3. Pod fly (Gitona distigma)
    4. Hairy caterpillar
    Eupterote mollifera
    Metanastria hyrtaca
    Streblote siva
    5. Bark borer (Indarbela tetraonis)
    6. Long horn beetles Batocera rubus
    1. Bud worm of drumstick

    Scientific name :- Noorda moringae


    Order :- Lepidoptera
    Family :- Crambidae
    Subfamily :- Noordinae
    Identification
    Adult
    1.Adult is small in size with dark
    brown fore wings and white hind
    wings with dark brown border.
    2. oval, creamy white eggs in clusters
    or singly on flower buds.
    3. Caterpillars are dirty brown with a Larvae
    prominent mid-dorsal stripe and black
    head and pro-thoracic shield.
    4. Minute brownish cocoons.
    Distribution:-Major pest in South India
    Host range: Moringa
    Nature of damage and symptoms:-
    1. Larvae bore into flower buds
    2. Infested buds contain only one caterpillar.
    3. Damaged buds seldom blossom; fall down
    prematurely.
    4.Insect activity is more during summer months in
    South India.
    3-4 days
    Infection of bud worm

    8-16 days

    6-10 days
    Management
     Plough around trees to expose and kill pupae

     Collect and destroy damaged buds along with


    caterpillars

     Use light traps to attract and kill adults @ 1-2 /ha

     Spray carbaryl 50 WP 1.0 kg or malathion 1.0 L


    in 500 - 750 ml of water per ha.
    2. Leaf caterpillar of drumstick

    Scientific name :- Noorda blitealis


    Order :- Lepidoptera
    Family :- Pyraustidae
    Subfamily :- Noordinae
    Identification and life cycle:
     Egg: creamy white oval eggs and laid in clusters on
    ventral surface of leaves. Egg period lasts foe 3 days.
     Larva: Devoid of prothoracic shield. Larval period is 7-
    15 days. Pupation takes place in soil for 6-9 days.
     Adult: Similar to N. moringae but bigger in size. Fore
    wings are uniformly dark in colour with a small white
    streak near the base. Hind wings are hyaline with broad
    black marginal band towards anal side.
     Distribution and status: It is a sporadically
    serious pest of drumstick trees especially in
    South India.
     Host range: Moringa and other members of
    Moringaceae family
     Nature of Damage:

    Caterpillars feed on leaf lamina, turning them into


    transparent parchment like structures. Peak period
    of infestation is during March to April and
    December to January.
    Management:
    Plough around trees to expose and kill pupae

    Collect and destroy damaged buds along with


    caterpillar

    Set up light trap @ 1-2/ha

    Spray insecticides like carbaryl 50 WP@ 1g/lit


    or malathion 50 EC 2 ml/lit of water
    3.Pod fly: Gitona distigma Tams
    (Drosophilidae: Diptera)
     Distribution and status: Serious pest of moringa in
    South India.
     Host range: Moringa
     Nature of Damage:

    Maggots enter into tender fruits by making small-bore


    holes at the terminal end. This causes oozing out of
    gummy fluid from fruits, which ultimately results in the
    drying of fruits from tip upwards. A maximum of 20-28
    maggots are found in a fruit. Internal contents of the
    fruits rot.
    Identification and life cycle
     Egg: Cigar shaped, laid in groups on the grooves of tender
    pods
     Maggot: Cream coloured maggot
     Adult: Yellowish fly with red eyes

    Activity is maximum from April to October and declines


    thereafter. Egg period 3-4 days, maggot period 18-25 days.
    Full-grown cream coloured maggots pupate in soil for 5-9 days.
    Management
     As moringa pod flies are not attracted to methyl eugenol
    and fish meal, use attractants like citronella oil, eucalyptus
    oil, vinegar (acetic acid), dextrose or lactic acid to trap flies.
     Periodically collect and destroy all the fallen and damaged
    fruits by dumping in a pit and covering with a thick layer of
    soil to prevent carry-over of the pest.
     Frequently rake up the soil under the trees or plough the
    infested field to destroy puparia and apply endosulfan 4% at
    25 Kg/ha or drench NSKE 5% at 2 L/tree at 50% fruit set.
     Spray dichlorvos 76 SC 500 ml or malathion 50 EC 750 ml
    in 500 - 750 ml of water per ha when pods are 20-30 days
    old and apply Azadirachtin 0.03 % 1.0 L during 50% fruit
    set and 35 days later.
    4. Hairy caterpillar of drumstick

    Scientific name:- Eupterote mollifera


    Order :- Lepidoptera
    Family :- Eupterotidae
    Identification and Biology of pest:
    Eggs: Laid in clusters on leaves and tender stem
    Larva: Brownish in colour with densely hairy
    Adult:
     Large size moth with uniform light yellowish brown in
    colour
     Eggs in clusters on leaves and tender stems. Egg period
    lasts for 6 days.
     Larval periods last for 12 to 14 and pupal 8 to 10 weeks
    respectively. Pupation takes place in soil.
     Only one generation/year.
     Distribution and status:
    Destructive and specific pest
    of drumstick in South India.
     Nature of Damage:

    Caterpillars feed gregariously


    by scrapping bark and gnawing
    foliage. Severe infestation
    results in complete defoliation
    of the tree.
    Metanastria hyrtaca Cramer
    (Lasiocampidae: Lepidoptera)
     Distribution and status: Generally called as
    gristly citrus caterpillar and found all over the
    Indian sub-continent.
     Host range: Polyphagous pest and prefers
    several Citrus species.
     Nature of Damage:

    Caterpillars are nocturnal in habit and feed


    gregariously and voraciously. During day, they
    remain crowded on shady side of tree trunks.
    Life cycle
     Eggs are spherical in shape and pale white in colour.
     Full-grown caterpillars are cylindrical in shape, greyish-
    brown in colour, stout and hairy.
     Stout, greyish-brown moths adults exhibit sexual
    dimorphism. Male moths have pectinate antennae and
    chocolate- brown patch in the middle of forewings.
     Incubation, larval and pupal periods last for 9 to 12, 45 to
    100 and 9 to 18 days respectively.
     Life cycle is completed in 75 to 110 days.
    Management:
     Collect and destroy egg masses and caterpillars

     Set up light trap @ 1-2/ha to attract and kill adults


    immediately after rain

     Use burning torch to kill congregating larvae on the


    trunk

     Spray quinalphos 25 EC @ 2 ml/lit or carbaryl 50 WP


    @ 2g/lit or fish oil rosin soap (FORS) 25 g/lit on the
    trunks and foliage, immediately after rain and 15 days
    later
    5. Long horn beetles

    Scientific name:- Batocera rubus L.


    Order :- Coleoptera
    Family :- Cerambycidae
     Distribution and status: It is widely
    distributed all over the Indian sub-continent.
     Nature of Damage:

    Grubs make zig-zag burrow beneath the bark,


    feed on internal tissues, reach sapwood and
    cause death of affected branch or stem. Adults
    feed on the bark of young twigs and petioles
    Life cycle
     Eggs are laid singly in cracks or crevices in the bark of the tree.
     Grubs are stout, about 100 mm long, yellowish in colour with
    well-defined segmentation.
     Pupation takes place within the tunnels.
     Adults are medium sized beetles and yellowish–brown with
    white spots on elytra.
     Egg, grub and pupal periods last for 1 to 2, 24 to 28 and 12 to 24
    weeks respectively.
     There is only one generation in a year.
    Management
     Clean affected portion of tree by removing all
    webbed material, excreta etc.

     Insert in each hole, cotton–wool soaked in


    monocrotophos 36 WSC 5 ml or any good
    fumigant like carbon disulphide, carbon
    tetrachloride, chloroform or even petrol and seal
    treated hole with mud.
    MINOR PESTS OF
    MORINGA
     Aphids:
    Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae: Hemiptera)
     Scale Insects:

    Ceroplastodes cajani (Diaspididae: Hemiptera)


     Bud midge:

    Stictodiplosis moringae (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera)


     Leaf eating weevils:

    Myllocerus spp. (Curculionidae: Coleoptera)


    1. M. subfasciatus
    2. M. discolor
    3. M. viridanus
    References
    1. Kareem AA, Sadakathulla S, Subramaniam TR (1974) Note on the severe damage
    of moringa fruits by the fly Gitona sp. (Drosophilidae: Diptera). South Indian
    Horticulture 22: 77.

    2. Verma AN, Khurana AD (1974) New host records of Inderbela tetraonis Moore
    (Lepidoptera: Metarbelidae). Haryana agric univ j res 4: 253-254.

    3. Pillai KS, Saradamma K, Nair MRGK (1980) Helopeltis antonii Sign. as a pest of
    Moringa oleifera. Current Science 49: 288-289.

    4. Ramachandran C, Peter KV, Gopalkrishna PK (1980) Drumstick


    (Moringa oleifera): a multipurpose Indian vegetable. Economic botany34: 276-283.

    5. Butani DK, Verma S (1981) Insect pests of vegetable and their control: drumsticks.
    Pesticides 15: 29-31.

    6. Morton JF (1991) The horseradish tree, Moringa pterygosperma


    (Moringaceae)-a boon to arid lands? Economics botany 45: 318-333.
    U
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