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Internet Lecture

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks that connects billions of electronic devices worldwide. It was originally created for the US Department of Defense but later expanded by other government agencies and private companies. Key developments included ARPANET in the 1960s, NSFNET in the 1980s, and commercial backbones in the 1990s. Common internet services today include the World Wide Web, email, file transfer, chat, and online services.

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Isha Jamshaid
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27 views

Internet Lecture

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks that connects billions of electronic devices worldwide. It was originally created for the US Department of Defense but later expanded by other government agencies and private companies. Key developments included ARPANET in the 1960s, NSFNET in the 1980s, and commercial backbones in the 1990s. Common internet services today include the World Wide Web, email, file transfer, chat, and online services.

Uploaded by

Isha Jamshaid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Internet

Internet
• Internet is an interconnected network of networks.
• It is the global Wide Area Network (WAN) which
connects billions of computers and electronic devices
around the world.
• A network of networks based on the TCP/IP
communications protocol.
A Brief History of the Internet

The Internet was created for the U.S. Department of


Defense as a tool for communications.

The seeds of the Internet were planted in 1969, when the


Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S.
Department of Defense began connecting computers at
different universities and defense contractors.
A Brief History of the Internet
In the mid-1980s, another federal agency, the National
Science Foundation (NSF), joined the project.

NSF established network that was available to anyone who


wanted to use them for academic research purposes.

NSF created a new, higher-capacity network, called NSFnet,


to complement the older, and by then overloaded, ARPANET.

The link between ARPANET, NSFnet, and other networks was


called the Internet
A Brief History of the Internet
NSFnet made Internet connections widely available
for academic research, but the NSF did not permit
users to conduct private business over the system.

Therefore, several private telecommunications


companies built their own network backbones that
used the same set of networking protocols as NSFnet.

Like a tree's trunk or an animal's spine, a network


backbone is the central structure that connects other
elements of the network.
Internet
• Today the Internet is a global network of interconnected networks.
• The Internet acts as a carrier for several different services, each
with its own distinct features and purposes.
The most commonly used Internet services are
• The World Wide Web
• Electronic mail
• News
• File Transfer Protocol
• Chat
• Instant messaging
• Online services
Basic Services Of The INTERNET
Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
Allow user to send a mail (message ) to another internet
user in any part of the world in a near-real-time
manner.
• E-Mail is a rapid and productive communication tool
because :
• It is faster than Paper Mail .
• Unlike telephone, The persons communicating with
each other need not to be available at the same time.
• Unlike Fax documents , Email documents can be
stored in a computer and be easily edited using
editing programs.
Basic Services Of The INTERNET
• An e-mail ID is the chosen name you have
used to create your account.
• An e-mail address is your email ID combined
with the domain name of the email registrar.
[email protected]
• Here abc123 is Username and Gmail.com is
Domain name.
• Username and domain name is separated by
@ symbol
Basic Services Of The INTERNET
• Some components :
• To: The email address(es), and optionally
name(s) of the message's recipient(s).
Indicates primary recipients (multiple allowed).
• Cc: Carbon copy; Many email clients mark
email in one's inbox differently depending on
whether they are in the To: or Cc: list.
• Bcc: Blind carbon copy; addresses are usually
only specified during SMTP delivery, and not
usually listed in the message header.
Basic Services Of The INTERNET

• E-commerce
E-commerce is the commercial transactions conducted electrically
on the Internet. It refers to a wide range of online business
activities for products and services.
• Video conferencing
Video conferencing means making communication between the
users using sounds as well as pictures.
• Web Chat
Web chat is a program that enables you to communicate with
others in real-time through messages. The user can log on to
certain websites and communicate with various other users online
by using Internet chat software. Chat software is interactive
software that allows user to type comment in one window and
receive replies in another from someone who is accessing the same
software.
Basic Services Of The INTERNET
File Transfer Protocol (FTP):

Allow user to move a file from one computer to another on the internet.

Moving a file from a remote computer to ones own computer is known as


Downloading.

Moving a file from ones own computer to a remote computer is known as


Uploading.

Anonymous FTP site in a computer allows a user to log in with the username
of anonymous and password that is user’s E-mail Address.

Anonymous FTP sites are called publically accessible sites because they can
be accessed by any user on internet.
Basic Services Of The INTERNET

The World Wide Web (WWW)

World Wide Web or W3 is the most popular and promising


method of organizing and accessing information on the INTERNET.

All the resources and users on the Internet that are using the
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

The World Wide Web is a way of exchanging information between


computers on the Internet, tying them together into a vast
collection of interactive multimedia resources.
Basic Services Of The INTERNET
Hypertext
• Hypertext is a new way of information storage and retrieval
that enables authors to structure information in novel ways.
• A properly designed hypertext document can help users to
locate desired type of information rapidly.
• Hypertext documents enable this by using a series of link.
• A link is a special type of item in a hypertext document
connecting the document to another document.
• Hypertext documents on internet are known as Web Pages.
• HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. This is the
protocol being used to transfer hypertext documents.
Basic Services Of The INTERNET
WWW Browsers
• To use a computer as a Web client, a user needs to load on it a special
software tool known as WWW Browser.
• Browser provide following navigation facilities:
• Do not require a user to login to a server computer.
• Enable a user to visit a server computer’s site directly and access information
on it by specifying its URL (Uniform Resource Locator).
• Enable user to create and maintain a personal hotlist of favorite URL. (URL
stands for Uniform Resource Locator, and is used to specify addresses on the
World Wide Web. A URL is the fundamental network identification for any
resource connected to the web)
• Maintain a history of server computers visited by user in a surfing session.
• Enable a user to download information in various formats.
• Example: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Netscape Navigator, etc.
Basic Services Of The INTERNET
INTERNET SEARCH ENGINES

Internet search engine is an application, which helps users to locate Web


sites containing useful information and references.

To search Information :

A user types the description of the information using the user


interference of the search engine.

The search engine then searches the requested information on the WWW
and returns the results to the user.
What is HTML?
• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.
• This is the language in which we write web
pages for any Website.
What is ISP?
ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. They are
the companies who provide you service in terms
of internet connection to connect to the
internet. You will buy space on a Web Server
from any Internet Service Provider. This space
will be used to host your Website.
• What is Website?
Website is a collection of various pages written
in HTML markup language. This is a location on
the web where people can find tutorials on
latest technologies. Similarly, there are millions
of websites available on the web. Each page
available on the website is called a web page
and first page of any website is called home
page for that site.
Difference b/w WWW & Internet
• The world wide web, or web for short, are the pages you
see when you're at a device and you're online.
• But the internet is the network of connected computers
that the web works on, as well as what emails and files
travel across.
• Think of the internet as the roads that connect towns and
cities together. The world wide web contains the things you
see on the roads like houses and shops.
• And the vehicles are the data moving around - some go
between websites and others will be transferring your
emails or files across the internet, separately from the web.
Basic Services Of The INTERNET
Uses Of Internet
Some important current strategic of the INTERNET are:
• On-line communication
• Software sharing
• Exchange of views on topics of common interest
• Posting of information of general interest
• Organization promotion
• Product promotion and feedback about products
• Customer support service
• On-line journals, magazines, Encyclopedia, and dictionary
• On-line shopping

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