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Introduction To Databases - Part 2

This document provides an introduction and overview of key concepts for databases. It discusses why data is important for organizations, how to plan databases, techniques for maintaining and updating data files, web databases, and database security. The importance of data for knowledge-based organizations and industries like banking is explained. Good data collection and management allows organizations to make good decisions and achieve objectives. Techniques for file maintenance include adding, editing, and deleting records while maintaining data integrity. Forms are often used to maintain data files. Database security aims to prevent theft, fraud, damage, and ensure privacy, using measures like access controls, backups, and disaster recovery planning.

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mui75140
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18 views

Introduction To Databases - Part 2

This document provides an introduction and overview of key concepts for databases. It discusses why data is important for organizations, how to plan databases, techniques for maintaining and updating data files, web databases, and database security. The importance of data for knowledge-based organizations and industries like banking is explained. Good data collection and management allows organizations to make good decisions and achieve objectives. Techniques for file maintenance include adding, editing, and deleting records while maintaining data integrity. Forms are often used to maintain data files. Database security aims to prevent theft, fraud, damage, and ensure privacy, using measures like access controls, backups, and disaster recovery planning.

Uploaded by

mui75140
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Introduction to Databases-Part 2

Week 2
In this lecture…
• Why is data important to an organisation?
• Planning a database
• File maintenance techniques
• Web databases
• Database security

2
The importance of data
• For knowledge organisations (e.g. a research lab), data is the
most important
asset
• Data represents assets for
banks, finance houses,
insurance companies etc
• Many organisations can not
function without access to
their data

3
Decisions
• For most businesses the aim is to make a profit
• To achieve the aim, there must be good decisions
• To make good decisions there must be good data

Good data Good decisions Achieve objective

4
5
Why?

• Section given above is taken from the previous slide


• Why is this a good idea?
• Why not just put a person's age in the database?
• Can you think of some other examples where this could
apply?

6
File maintenance
Keeping data current
• Adding records
• A new customer, product, transaction etc
• Changing (editing) records
• New address, change of name etc
• Deleting records
• Person leaves, product no longer stocked etc
• Usually a record is not deleted, but is flagged
e.g. a customer is marked "inactive"
• The data remains, but is not included in current activity

7
Forms
• File maintenance is often carried out using a form
• Same data,different view

8
Data validation
• Comparing data to a set of rules to make sure the data is
correct
• Five common validity checks:

9
Web databases
• Behind many web sites are databases
• The web page is the front end (client side)
• The database is the back end (server side)
• A web site selling books will use databases
• Books in stock
• Customers
• Orders
• Shipping
• A CGI script links the web page and the database

10
Movie database

11
Database security
• Because data is so vital to an organisation, security is very
important
• Security from theft or fraud
• Security from damage
• Security for privacy

12
Security from theft or fraud
• Threats from within or outside the organisation
• Most danger is from employees
• Access controls
• Physical access - doors, windows etc
• Electronic access
• Firewalls (p 563)
• Login names and passwords (p 566)
• Biometric controls (p 262)
• Procedural controls
• Double checks
• Job rotation, job sharing

13
Security from damage
• Accidental damage - "human error"
• Data checking and validation
• Restrict user rights (e.g. can't delete)
• Environmental risks
• Fire, storm, flood, power fluctuation
• Secure, safe buildings
• Power smoothers and uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
• In all cases, a good backup system

14
Security for privacy
• Privacy of the people the organisation holds information about
• Doctor-patient, lawyer-client confidentiality etc
• Sometimes national laws
• Privacy of the company information
• "The secret recipe"; car company's designs for next year's model;
industrial secrets

15
Disaster recovery plan
• All organisations should plan before disaster strikes
• Emergency plan
• What to do at the time
• Backup plan
• How to restore equipment and data
• Recovery plan
• How to get back to full operability
• Test plan
• How to test the above

16
Backup systems
• Backups are for individuals (that is, you!), and for
organisations
• Backup methods on next slide
• Have a system and follow it
• For personal backup
• Use a USB stick, CD-R, DVD-R or similar
• Store it away from your computer
• For important data, keep at least three copies

17
Backup methods

18
References
1. Gary B. Shelly & Misty E. Vermaat & Jeffrey J. (CON) Quasney
& Susan L. (CON) Sebok & Steven M. (CON) Freund.(2011).
Discovering Computers, Complete: Your Interactive Guide to
the Digital World. Cengage Learning
2. Cox, Joyce ; Lambert,Joan. (2010). Step by Step (Microsoft
Access 2010) , Microsoft press , USA

19

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