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Lesson 3 Conditional Stetement

This document defines and provides examples of conditional statements. It discusses: 1) The structure of conditional statements as having a hypothesis ("if" part) and conclusion ("then" part). 2) Ways to write conditional statements in "if-then" form or using "implies". 3) Conditional statements being either true or false, and counterexamples showing a statement is false. 4) Using symbolic logic symbols like →, ~, ∧, ∨, and ∴ to represent conditional statements. 5) The forms that conditional statements can take, such as the converse, inverse, and contrapositive.

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Timmy Valdez
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30 views

Lesson 3 Conditional Stetement

This document defines and provides examples of conditional statements. It discusses: 1) The structure of conditional statements as having a hypothesis ("if" part) and conclusion ("then" part). 2) Ways to write conditional statements in "if-then" form or using "implies". 3) Conditional statements being either true or false, and counterexamples showing a statement is false. 4) Using symbolic logic symbols like →, ~, ∧, ∨, and ∴ to represent conditional statements. 5) The forms that conditional statements can take, such as the converse, inverse, and contrapositive.

Uploaded by

Timmy Valdez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 3

Conditional
Statements

1
Conditional Statement
Definition: A conditional statement is a statement that
can be written in if-then form.
“If _____________, then ______________.”

Example: If your study properly, then you will get high


grades..
Conditional Statement
Conditional Statements have two parts:

The hypothesis is the part of a conditional statement that follows


“if” (when written in if-then form.)
The hypothesis is the given information, or the condition.

The conclusion is the part of an if-then statement that follows


“then” (when written in if-then form.)
The conclusion is the result of the given information.
Writing Conditional Statements

Conditional statements can be written in “if-then” form


to emphasize which part is the hypothesis and which is
the conclusion.
Hint: Turn the subject into the hypothesis.

Example 1: Vertical angles are congruent. can be written as...

Conditional
Statement: If two angles are vertical, then they are
congruent.
Writing Conditional Statements

Example 2: “I’ll be a millionaire when I win the lottery.” in if


then form.
can be written as...
Conditional
Statement: “If I win the lottery, then I’ll be
a millionaire.”
If …Then vs. Implies
Another way of writing an if-then statement is using
the word implies.

If two angles are vertical, then they are congruent.

Two angles are vertical implies they are congruent.


Conditional Statements can be true or
false:

 A conditional statement is false only when the hypothesis is true,


but the conclusion is false.

A counterexample is an example used to show that a


statement is not always true and therefore false.

Statement:
Symbolic Logic
 Symbols can be used to modify or connect
statements.
 Symbols for Hypothesis and Conclusion:

Hypothesis is represented by “p”.


Conclusion is represented by “q”.
if p, then q
or
p implies q
Symbolic Logic
if p, then q
pq is used to represent or
p implies q

Example: p: a number is prime


q: a number has exactly two divisors

pq: If a number is prime, then it has exactly two divisors.


Symbolic Logic

~ is used to represent the word “not”


Example 1: p: the angle is obtuse
~p: The angle is not obtuse
Note: ~p means that the angle could be acute, right, or straight.

Example 2: p: I am not happy


~p: I am happy
~p took the “not” out- it would have been a double negative (not not)
Symbolic Logic
 is used to represent the word “and”

Example: p: a number is even

q: a number is divisible by 3

A number is even and it is divisible by 3.


pq:
i.e. 6,12,18,24,30,36,42...

Lesson 2-1 Conditional 11


Statements
Symbolic Logic
 is used to represent the word “or”

Example: p: a number is even

q: a number is divisible by 3

pq: A number is even or it is divisible by 3.

i.e. 2,3,4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15,...

Lesson 2-1 Conditional 12


Statements
Symbolic Logic

 is used to represent the word “therefore”

Example: Therefore, the statement is false.

 the statement is false

Lesson 2-1 Conditional 13


Statements
Forms of Conditional Statements
Converse: Switch the hypothesis and conclusion (q  p)

pq If two angles are vertical, then they are congruent.

qp If two angles are congruent, then they are vertical.

14
Forms of Conditional Statements
Inverse: State the opposite of both the hypothesis and conclusion.
(~p~q)

pq : If two angles are vertical, then they are congruent.

~p~q: If two angles are not vertical, then they are not
congruent.

Lesson 2-1 Conditional 15


Statements
Forms of Conditional Statements
Contrapositive: Switch the hypothesis and conclusion and
state their opposites. (~q~p)

pq : If two angles are vertical, then they are congruent.

~q~p: If two angles are not congruent, then they are not
vertical.

Lesson 2-1 Conditional 16


Statements
Forms of Conditional Statements

 Contrapositives are logically equivalent to the


original conditional statement.

 If pq is true, then qp is true.

 If pq is false, then qp is false.

Lesson 2-1 Conditional 17


Statements
Biconditional
 When a conditional statement and its converse are both true,
the two statements may be combined.

 Use the phrase if and only if (sometimes abbreviated: iff)

Statement: If an angle is right then it has a measure of 90.

Converse: If an angle measures 90, then it is a right angle.

Biconditional: An angle is right if and only if it measures 90.

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