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20 views21 pages

ITC Lec1

Uploaded by

zainzahidt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Computing

Lecture 1

Daniyal Ahmed
Today’s Agenda

 Course Information
 Grading Scheme
 Objective of this course
 What is a Computer?
 Applications of Computer
 Types of Computer
 Elements of Computer
 Harware
 Software
 Recommended Books
Course Information

 All course related information will be posted on the portal

 Lectures
 Quizzes
 Assignments
 Class Participation
 Announcement

 Attendance is mandatory
Grading Scheme

 Quizzes 15%
 Assignments 20%
 Class Participation 5%
 Mid Term Exam 20%
 Final Term Exam 40%
Note: Plagiarism or cheating in any assessment can lead to an F grade
Objectives of the course

 This first course in Computer Science does not assume any previous
computer knowledge.

 It is designed to give an overview to computer systems, desktop


publishing tools and structured programming.

 Its primary focus is on developing a problem solving approach in the


students and concentrates on formulation of algorithms and translating
them into structured C++ programs.
What is a
computer?
 [Norton] A Computer is an electronic device that
processes data, converting it into information that is
useful to people.

 [Wikipedia] A Computer is a programmable device,


usually electronic in nature, that can store, retrieve
and process data.
Applications of computer

 banking
 education
 Industries
 Marketing
 Entertainments
 Hospitals
 Trade
 data processing etc.
Types of computer
 Tablet
 Palmtop
 Laptop
 Desktop
 Workstations
 Mainframe Computers
 Super Computers
And many more!!!
What is inside a computer?

Busses inside a CPU connects different


resources.
Elements of a
Computer
1. Hardware
 Central Processing Unit
(CPU)
 Main Memory
 Secondary Storage
 Input/ Output Devices
2. Software
Central Processing Unit
(CPU)
The main components of the CPU
are:
1. Control unit (CU)
2. Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU).
3. Registers.
Central Processing Unit
(CPU)
1. C U (Control Unit):
🠶 Fetches and decodes instructions

🠶 Controls flow of information in and out of MM

🠶 Controls operation of internal CPU components

2. ALU (arithmetic logic unit): carries out all arithmetic


and logica l operations
Central Processing Unit
(CPU)
3. Registers:

1. PC (program counter): points to next instruction to


be executed

2. IR (instruction register): holds instruction currently


being executed
Main
Memory
🠶 Directly connected to the CPU

🠶 All programs must be loaded into main memory before they can
be executed

🠶 All data must be brought into main memory before it can


be manipulated

🠶 When computer power is turned off, everything in main


memory is
lost
Main Memory
Main Memory/Primary Memory---RAM
Secondary
Storage
Secondary storage: Device that stores information permanently
Examples of secondary storage:
🠶 Hard disks
🠶 Floppy disks
🠶 Zip disks
🠶 CD-ROMs
🠶 Tapes
🠶 Flash drives
Input/Output
Devices
🠶 Input devices feed data and programs into computers.
They include:
🠶 Keyboard
🠶 Mouse
🠶 Secondary storage
🠶 Output devices display results. They include:
🠶 Monitor
🠶 Printer
🠶 Secondary storage
Softwar
e
🠶 Software: Programs that do specific tasks
1.System programs take control of the computer, such as
an operating system
🠶 Operating System monitors the overall activity of the
computer and
provides services.
2.Application programs perform a specific task
🠶 Word processors
🠶 Spreadsheets
🠶 Games
Recommended Books

1. D.S. Malik.C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to


Program Design, Cengage Learning; 8th edition
2. C++ How to Program by Deitel and Deitel, 11th Edition,
Prentice Hall Publications, 2007

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