Virtual Systems &

Services

by
Ms. Rabia Ejaz
 Week #1
Virtualization
 Why learn virtualization?
• Modern computing is more efficient due to
virtualization.

• Virtualization can be used for mobile, personal

and cloud computing.

• You can also use virtualization in your

personal life
 Virtualization Benefits
• Have you ever wished you could clone
yourself?

• If you could, would you be more efficient?

Would you do more?

• Virtualization enables computers to be more

efficient in a similar fashion.

• Computers that use virtualization optimize the

available compute resources.
Real

Clones
 How Virtualization Works?
• Virtualization is the “layer” of technology that
goes between the physical hardware of a device
and the operating system to create one or more
copies of the device.
 What is a VM?
• Virtualization creates virtual hardware by
cloning physical hardware.
• The hypervisor uses virtual hardware to create
a virtual machine (VM)
• A VM is a set of files.
• With a hypervisor and VMs, one computer can
run multiple OS simultaneously
 What is a Hypervisor?
• Software installed on top of hardware that
created virtualization layer.

• Hosts VMs

• Type 1 Hypervisor – Bare metal hypervisor

(VMware ESXi)

• Type 2 Hypervisor – Hosted hypervisor

(VMware Workstation)
 Virtual Machine Files
• VMs can be exported and moved to other hosts
• Files are created by the hypervisor and stored
in a directory.
• Example VM files:
File Type File Name Description
Log File <vmname>.log Keeps a log of VM activity
Disk File <vmname>.vmdk Stores content of VM’s disk drive
<vmname>.vmsd and Stores information about VM
Snapshot Files
<vmname>.vmsn snapshots (saved VM state)
Stores information about VM
Configuration
<vmname>.vmx name, BIOS, guest OS, and
File
memory
 What is a Data Center?
• Hardware infrastructure that supports
virtualization.

• Focus is on processing large amounts of data.

• What are the three main components?

• Compute
• Storage
• Networks
 Compute Systems
• Hardware and operating system software that
runs applications.

• Difference between a PC and a server

• PCs have user-friendly interface while
servers focus on running programs.

• Types of servers:
• Tower
• Rack-mounted server
• Blade server
 Networks
• Transfer data across the data center so devices
can communicate.

• What type of hardware is used for

networking?
 Storage
• Data center storage should have two features:
• Availability
• Redundancy
 Block vs. File Level
• Block-Level Storage – Data is written to and
accessed from storage volumes (blocks).
• File-Level Storage – Data is written to disks
but accessed from default file system.
 Types of Data Center Storage
• Direct Attached Storage (DAS) – Storage
device is directly attached to a server (block-
level).

• Network Attached Storage (NAS) – Storage

device is attached to a network, servers on the
network can access device (file-level).

• Storage Area Network (SAN) – Clustered

storage devices on their own network that
servers can connect to (block-level).
Direct Attached Storage (DAS)
Network Attached Storage
(NAS)
Storage Area Network (SAN)
 Storage Provisioning
• Thick provisioning: Disk space is strategically
pre-allocated to a server, or a VM.

• This means that the logical space provided by

partitioning is equal to the amount of actual
physical space set aside on the physical disk.
Benefits of a Virtual Data Center
Data centers use a lot of hardware and
virtualization makes hardware more efficient.

•Increased computing resources results in higher

availability of applications

•Less labor needed to monitor data center

(administrator can monitor from desk using a
program).

•Software-defined data center (SDDC): Hypervisor

pools physical data center resources into a virtual
data center.
 Cloud Computing
• Cloud Computing provides us a means by
which we can access the applications as
utilities, over the Internet.

• It allows us to create, configure, and

customize applications online.

• With Cloud Computing users can access

database resources via the internet from
anywhere for as long as they need without
worrying about any maintenance or
management of actual resources.
 What is Cloud?
• The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet.

• In other words, we can say that Cloud is

something, which is present at remote location.

• Cloud can provide services over network, i.e., on

public networks or on private networks, i.e.,
WAN, LAN or VPN.

• Applications such as e-mail, web conferencing,

customer relationship management (CRM), all
run in cloud.
 What is Cloud Computing?

• Cloud Computing refers to manipulating,

configuring, and accessing the applications online.

• It offers online data storage, infrastructure and

application.

• Cloud Computing is both a combination of software

and hardware based computing resources delivered
as a network service.
Cloud Computing Architecture
Basic Concepts

There are certain services and models working

behind the scene making the cloud computing feasible
and accessible to end users. Following are the
working models for cloud computing:

1. Deployment Models

2. Service Models
 Deployment Models

Deployment models define the type of access to

the cloud, i.e., how the cloud is located?

•Cloud can have any of the four types of

access:
•Public,
•Private,
•Hybrid
•Community.
PUBLIC CLOUD : The Public Cloud
allows systems and services to be easily
accessible to the general public. Public cloud
may be less secure because of its openness,
e.g., e-mail.

PRIVATE CLOUD : The Private Cloud

allows systems and services to be accessible
within an organization. It offers increased
security because of its private nature.
COMMUNITY CLOUD : The Community
Cloud allows systems and services to be
accessible by group of organizations.

HYBRID CLOUD :
The cloud infrastructure is a composition of
two or more clouds (private, community, or
public)
However, the critical activities are performed
using private cloud while the non-critical
activities are performed using public cloud.
Two private cloud scenarios exist, as
follows:

On-site Private Cloud

Applies to private clouds implemented
at a customer’s premises.

Outsourced Private Cloud

Applies to private clouds where the
server side is outsourced to a hosting
company.
Examples of Private Cloud:

•Eucalyptus

•Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud - UEC (powered

by Eucalyptus)

•Amazon VPC (Virtual Private Cloud)

•VMware Cloud Infrastructure Suite

•Microsoft ECI data center.

Community cloud also has two possible scenarios:

•On-site Community Cloud Scenario:

Applies to community clouds implemented on the
premises of the customers composing a community
cloud.

•Outsourced Community Cloud:

Applies to community clouds where the server side
is outsourced to a hosting company.

Examples of Community Cloud:

•Google Apps for Government
•Microsoft Government Community Cloud
Examples of Public Cloud:

•Google App Engine

•Microsoft Windows Azure

•IBM Smart Cloud

•Amazon EC2
Examples of Hybrid Cloud:
Windows Azure (capable of Hybrid Cloud)
VMware vCloud (Hybrid Cloud Services)
 Service Models
Service Models are the reference models on
which the Cloud Computing is based. These
can be categorized into three basic service
models as listed below:

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)

3. Software as a Service (SaaS)

 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
IaaS is the delivery of technology infrastructure
as an on demand scalable service.
IaaS provides access to fundamental resources
such as physical machines, virtual machines,
virtual storage, etc.

•Usually billed based on usage

•Usually multi tenant virtualized environment
•Can be coupled with Managed Services for OS
and application support
IaaS Examples
 Platform as a Service (PaaS)
PaaS provides the runtime environment for
applications, development & deployment tools,
etc.

PaaS provides all of the facilities required to

support the complete life cycle of building and
delivering web applications and services entirely
from the Internet.

Typically applications must be developed with a

particular platform in mind:
•Multi tenant environments
•Highly scalable multi tier architecture
PaaS Examples
 Software as a Service (SaaS)
SaaS model allows to use software
applications as a service to end users.

SaaS is a software delivery methodology that

provides licensed multi-tenant access to
software and its functions remotely as a
Web-based service.

• Usually billed based on usage

• Usually multi tenant environment
• Highly scalable architecture
SaaS Examples
Do you Use the Cloud?
 Advantages
• Lower computer costs
• Improved performance:
• Reduced software costs
• Instant software updates
• Improved document format compatibility
• Unlimited storage capacity
• Increased data reliability
• Universal document access
• Latest version availability
• Easier group collaboration
• Device independence
 Disadvantages

• Requires a constant Internet connection

• Does not work well with low-speed
connections.
• Features might be limited
• Can be slow
• Stored data can be lost
• Stored data might not be secure
Cloud Storage

• Create an Account
User name and
password.

• Content lives with the

account in the cloud.

• Log onto any

computer with Wi-Fi
to find your content
 Download For Storage
• Download a cloud based app to on your computer.
• The app lives on your Computer.
• Save files to the app.
• When connected to the Internet it will sync with the
cloud.
• The Cloud can be accessed from any Internet
connection.