LITERARY DEVICES

THE SEVEN AGES OF MEN

by: William Shakespeare

All the world’s a stage,

And all the men and women merely
players;
They have their exits and their
entrances,
And one man in his time plays many
parts,
 His acts being seven ages. At first the
infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse’s
arms;
And then the whining schoolboy, with
his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like
snail
Unwillingly to school. And then the
lover,
Sighing like furnace, with a woeful
ballad
Made to his mistress’ eyebrow. Then
a soldier,
Full of strange oaths, and bearded
like the pard,
 Jealous in honor, sudden and
quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon’s mouth.
And then the justice,
In fair round belly with good
capon lined,
With eyes severe and beard of formal
cut,
Full of wise saws and modern
instances;
And so he plays his part. The sixth
age shifts
Into the lean and slippered
pantaloon,
With spectacles on nose and pouch
on side;
His youthful hose, well saved, a
world too wide
For his shrunk shank; and his big
manly voice,
Turning again toward childish
treble, pipes
 And whistles in his sound. Last
scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful
history,
Is second childishness and mere
oblivion,
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste,
sans everything.
SOUND DEVICES
are special tools the poet can use to
create certain effects in the poem to
convey and reinforce meaning through
sound. The five most common sound
devices are repetition, alliteration,
consonance, assonance, and rhyme.
END RHYME

is described as "when lines in

a poem end with words that
sound alike.“
END RHYME
End rhyme, also known as
tail rhyme or terminal
rhyme, is a type of rhyme
that occurs at the end of a
sentence.
It's
one of the different kinds of
rhymes.

For a poem to be called an end

rhyme, two or three lines must
rhyme, although they do not have
to be consecutive lines.
EXAMPLE OF END RHYME

Bid me to weep, and I will weep (a)

While I have eyes to see (b)
And having none, yet I will keep (a)
A heart to weep for thee (b)
INTERNAL RHYME
appears in the middle of lines rather
than at the ends of lines in poetry.
Internal rhyme can occur in a single line
of poetry (with multiple words in the
same line rhyming), or the rhyming words
can appear in multiple lines.
For example:

Off in the distance, a bell sounds

and an old tomboy sits and
frowns.
SHAKESPEARE’S
MACBETH

Double, double toil and trouble;

Fire burn, and caldron bubble.
Scale of dragon; tooth of wolf;
Witches' mummy; maw and gulf...
Edgar Allen Poe's "The Raven“
uses internal rhyme in addition to end rhyme.

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,

Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore—
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
“’Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door—
Only this and nothing more.”
The difference between an end rhyme
and an internal rhyme is that Internal
rhyme
occurs in a single line of poetry or
between internal sentences over several
lines of poetry. End rhyme, on the other
hand, is rhyme between line endings.
ACTIVITY:

Instructions:
1. Read the poem and spot the words that
rhyme.
2. Make a list of these rhyming words and
determine which are examples of internal
rhyme and end rhyme.
3. Fill out the table below with the appropriate
entries.
INTERNAL RHYME END RHYME
Direction: Identify whether the lines
contain end rhyme or internal rhyme.

1. I see the red boat that has a red flag.

Just like my red coat and my little red pail.

2. It is fallible men who make the law.

This maybe a flaw, but there‘s no other way.
3. Under my window, a clean
rasping sound
When the spade sinks into
gravely ground
4. With sparkling eyes, and cheeks by passion
flushed
Strikes with his wild lyre, while listening dames
are hushed

5. The moon never beams without bringing me

dreams.
And the stars never rise but I feel the bright
eyes.
ALLITERATION:
isa literary device that repeats a speech
sound in a sequence of words that are close to
each other. Alliteration typically uses
consonant sounds at the beginning of a word
to give stress to its syllable. Tongue twisters
are examples of this.
Peter Piper
picked a peck of
pickled peppers
EXERCISES:
1. Which of these lines from Edgar Allan Poe’s “The
Raven” contains
alliteration?
a. Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak
and weary
b. “’Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my
chamber door
c. Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.”
2. Are you hungry? Let's find a
cafe for ________, __________
and __________.
a. egg, chips and cola
b. coffee, cakes and tea
c. coffee, cakes and cola
d. fish, chips and coffee
3. The art gallery displayed
hundreds of ________
__________ and ___________.
a. books, pots and pans
b. pots, pans and cups
c. precious pictures and paintings
d. prints, cups and pans
4. Which is the best example of alliteration?
a. Only three girls came to the
picnic.
b. She wants to see that movie.
c. I like popcorn, peanuts, and Pepsi
when I watch movies.
d. The sun was in my eyes all day and
I got a headache!
5. Which shows the best example of
alliteration for the topic: Margot.
a. Margot was loved by everyone.
b. The kids did not get along with
Margot.
c. Margot manages to make everyone
miserable
d. Margot needs the sun to be happy.
HOW DOES ALLITERATION
AFFECT THE BEAUTY OF
POETRY?
• It gives flow and beauty to a piece
of writing, making poems attractive
and appealing.

Alliteration has the ability to shape

the mood of a poem with hard or
soft sounds.
Alliteration creates a musical
effect, creating rhythm, mood
and motion while also
imbuing sentences with
beauty and a certain flow.
Examples of Alliteration in Poems:
The free bird thinks of another breeze
and the trade winds soft through
the sighing trees and the fat
worms waiting on a dawn bright lawn
(The Caged Bird, Maya Angelou)
They click upon themselves
As the breeze rises, and turn many-
colored
As the stir cracks and crazes their
enamel.
Soon the sun’s warmth makes
them shed crystal shells
Shattering and avalanching on the snow-
crust— (Birches, Robert Frost)
Choose the letter of the correct answer.
. Sally sells seashells down by the
1

seashore. What is the alliteration and how

many
times does it occur?
a. S Eight times.
b. S Three times.
c. S Four times.
d. S Seven times.
2. How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if
a woodchuck could chuck wood? What
is the alliteration and how many times does it
occur?
a. C Three times.
b. WOOD Five times.
c. WOOD Four times.
d. WOODCHUCK Two times.
3. Slowly, silently now the moon walks
the night in her silver shoes. What is
the
alliteration and how many times does
it occur?
a. S Five times.
b. N Two times.
c. SI Two times.
4. Whispering wildly words of passion.
What is the alliteration and how many
times does
it occur?
a. W Three times.
b. S Four times.
c. I Three times.
d. None of the above.
5. Lightly leaps the leaping llama. What is
the alliteration and how many times does
it
occur?
a. L Six times.
b. L Four times.
c. LEAP Two times.
d. L Three times.