Tishk International University

Faculty of Nursing & Physiotherapy

Name of Course: IT 103

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
1st Grade- Fall Semester 2022-2023
Instructor: Ganesh Babu L
 Syllabus of Introduction to IT
• What makes a computer?
• Main functions that a computer do.
• Binary and data.
• How the computer actually work.
• Computer parts (input, output)
• Computer parts (CPU)
• Computer parts (Storage, memory)
• Computer parts (motherboard, ports)
• Mouse/Pad and Keyboard
• Hardware, Software
• Operating System
• Common computer terminology.
The purposes and the objectives Introduction to IT:

The purposes of Introduction to IT:

• A computer system has three main components: hardware, software, and people.
• The equipment associated with a computer system is called hardware.
• Software is a set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do.
• People, however, are the most important component of a computer system - people
use the power of the computer for some purpose.
• In fact, this course will show you that the computer can be a tool for just about anyone
from a business person, to a student , to an artist, to a housekeeper, an incredibly
powerful and flexible tool.
The objectives of Introduction to IT:
• Introduce the computing term and identify the main functions that a computer
device does.
• Explain binary, data, circuits and logic and how they use Zeros and Ones to give us the
output we desire.
• Tackling the main parts of the computer along with its input and output devices.
• Identifying the differences between hardware, software and operating systems.
THE FIVE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
PRESENTATION

• INTRODUCTION

• FIRST GENERATION OF COMPUTER

• SECOND GENERATION OF COMPUTER

• THIRD GENERATION OF COMPUTER

• FOURTH GENERATION OF COMPUTER

• FIFTH GENERATION OF COMPUTER

INTRODUCTION:

• The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different

generations of computing devices.

• Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technological development

that fundamentally changed the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly

smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices.
First Generation - 1940-1956:
Vacuum Tubes:

• Used vacuum tubes for circuitry, magnetic drums for memory, and were often
enormous, taking up entire rooms.
• Very expensive , consumed great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was
often the cause of malfunctions.
• Relied on machine language to perform operations, could solve one problem at a time.
• Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on
printouts.
• UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices.
Second Generation - 1956-1963:
Transistors:

• Transistors replaced vacuum tubes allowing computers to become smaller, faster,

cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation

predecessors.

• Still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output.

• Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to

symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify

instructions in words.

• High-level programming languages like COBOL and FORTRAN were used.

Third Generation - 1964-1971:
Integrated Circuits:
• Integrated circuit was used, Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon

chips, called semiconductors, which increased the speed and efficiency of

computers.

• Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted through keyboards and

monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to

run many different applications at one time with a central program that

monitored the memory.

• Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they

were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.

Fourth Generation - 1971-1995:

Microprocessors
• Microprocessor were used, What in the first generation filled an entire room

could now fit in the palm of the hand.

• In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984

Apple introduced the Macintosh.

• As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked

together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the

Internet.

• Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse

and Hand held devices.

Fifth Generation:1995 and Beyond:
Artificial Intelligence

• Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in

development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are

being used today.

• The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial

intelligence a reality.

• Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the face

of computers in years to come.

• The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural

language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.

Main functions that a computer