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Data Gathering & Organizing

The document discusses data collection methods for gathering both primary and secondary data. It explains that primary data involves directly collecting original data through surveys, interviews, observations, experiments, and focus groups, while secondary data uses existing data found in published sources, online databases, government/institutional records, and past research studies. The key steps in data collection are defining the research goal and data types needed before selecting appropriate primary or secondary collection methods and procedures.

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Israr Jutt
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18 views11 pages

Data Gathering & Organizing

The document discusses data collection methods for gathering both primary and secondary data. It explains that primary data involves directly collecting original data through surveys, interviews, observations, experiments, and focus groups, while secondary data uses existing data found in published sources, online databases, government/institutional records, and past research studies. The key steps in data collection are defining the research goal and data types needed before selecting appropriate primary or secondary collection methods and procedures.

Uploaded by

Israr Jutt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Gathering and Organizing .

Presenter: Muhammad Israr Hassan Fayyaz


Hamad Ali Aiza Imran
Table of content
• What is Data & Data Collection?
• Data Collection Methods & Techniques
• Engage your Audience
• Capture Audience Attention
Data Collection
Data:
Data refers to raw information that consists of basic facts and figures. such as numbers, images,
figures, and notes.

Data collection:
Data collection is the process of collecting and evaluating information or data from multiple
sources to find answers.
It is an essential phase in all types of research, analysis, and decision-making.
Answer three questions first:
Before an analyst begins collecting data, they must answer three questions first:

• What’s the goal or purpose of this research?


• What kinds of data are they planning on gathering?
• What methods and procedures will be used to collect, store, and
process the information?
Data Collection Methods
Primary Data Collection:
Primary data collection involves the collection of original data directly from the source or
through direct interaction with the respondents. This method allows researchers to obtain
firsthand information.

Primary Data Collection:


Secondary data collection involves using existing data collected by someone else.
Researchers analyse and interpret this data to extract relevant information.
Techniques for Primary data collection
Surveys and Questionnaires:
Researchers design structured questionnaires or surveys to collect data from individuals
or groups. These can be conducted through face-to-face interviews, telephone calls, mail,
or online platforms.
Interviews:
Interviews involve direct interaction between the researcher and the respondent. They can
be conducted in person, over the phone, or through video conferencing. Interviews can be
structured (with predefined questions), semi-structured (allowing flexibility), or
unstructured (more conversational).
Techniques for Primary data collection
Observations:
Researchers observe and record behaviours, actions, or events in their natural setting.
This method is useful for gathering data on human behaviour, interactions, or phenomena
without direct intervention.
Experiments:
Experimental studies involve the manipulation of variables to observe their impact on the
outcome. Researchers control the conditions and collect data to draw conclusions about
cause-and-effect relationships.
Techniques for Primary data collection
Focus Groups:
Focus groups bring together a small group of individuals who discuss specific topics in a
moderated setting. This method helps in understanding opinions, perceptions, and
experiences shared by the participants.
Techniques for Secondary Data Collection
Published Sources:
Researchers refer to books, academic journals, magazines, newspapers, government
reports, and other published materials that contain relevant data.
Online Databases:
Numerous online databases provide access to a wide range of secondary data, such as
research articles, statistical information, economic data, and social surveys.
Techniques for Secondary Data Collection
Government and Institutional Records:
Government agencies, research institutions, and organizations often maintain databases or
records that can be used for research purposes.
Publicly Available Data:
Data shared by individuals, organizations, or communities on public platforms, websites,
or social media can be accessed and utilized for research.
Techniques for Secondary Data Collection
Past Research Studies:
Previous research studies and their findings can serve as valuable secondary data sources.
Researchers can review and analyse the data to gain insights or build upon existing
knowledge.

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