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    Ged Presentation Group 2

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    pranto392033
    The document provides information about a course titled "Government and Sociology" presented by a group of 4 students. It outlines several theories of the state, including social contract theory, Marxist theory, pluralism theory, and elitism theory. For each theory, one of the students provides a brief overview and key aspects.

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    Ged Presentation Group 2

    Uploaded by

    pranto392033
    15 views32 pages
    The document provides information about a course titled "Government and Sociology" presented by a group of 4 students. It outlines several theories of the state, including social contract theory, Marxist theory, pluralism theory, and elitism theory. For each theory, one of the students provides a brief overview and key aspects.

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    GED PRESENTATION GROUP 2

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    The document provides information about a course titled "Government and Sociology" presented by a group of 4 students. It outlines several theories of the state, including social contract theory, Marxist theory, pluralism theory, and elitism theory. For each theory, one of the students provides a brief overview and key aspects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    15 views32 pages

    Ged Presentation Group 2

    Uploaded by

    pranto392033
    The document provides information about a course titled "Government and Sociology" presented by a group of 4 students. It outlines several theories of the state, including social contract theory, Marxist theory, pluralism theory, and elitism theory. For each theory, one of the students provides a brief overview and key aspects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 32

    Course Code : GED 1101

    Course Title :Government and Sociology


    Department : CSE

    Presented by group (2):

    01 ID: 1566 02 ID: 1553


    Samantha Rahman Abid Hasan Aronno

    03 ID: 1567 04 ID: 1561


    Maksudul Hasan Pranto Shareia Alam Riptey
    THEORIES OF STATE
    OUTLINE

     Social contract theory


     Marxist theory
     Pluralism theory
     Elitism theory
    Social Contract
    Theory

    Name : Samantha Rahman


    ID : 1566
    THE SOCIAL CONTRACT
    THEORY
    “A social contract is an agreement among individuals within a
    social group to abide by certain rules and laws"

    THE PHILOSOPHERS BEHIND THE SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY

    Thomas Hobbes John Locke Jean Jacques


    Rousseau
    CHARECTERISTICS

    The Social Contract


    is a voluntary
    agreement. 1
    The Social Contract
    2 creates a legitimate
    government.

    The Social Contract


    is based on Natural. 3
    The Social
    4 Contract can be
    broken.
    EFFECT OF THE SOCIAL
    CONTRACT

    People will live in peace, without rights.(Thomas Hobbes)

    Natural rights will be enforced by a government


    created with consent.(john Locke)

    Life will be fair if we follow "general will" and set


    aside personal preferences.(Jean Jacques Rousseau)
    ADVANTAGES OF SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORIES

    1.Foundation of moral social behavior:


    where the rules come from and why we follow them.

    2.Bounds on morality:
    Private vs public life Civil.
    Disobedience.
    No moral favors required.
    CRITICISMS OF THE SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY

    The theory is too The social contract


    idealistic and cannot theory cannot be used
    be practically to justify the actions of
    implemented in real- the government
    life situations. because it does not
    take into account the
    views and opinions of
    02 the minority

    01 03
    The theory is
    flawed because it is
    based on false
    assumptions about
    human nature.
    The Pluralism
    Theory

    Name : Maksudul Hasan Pranto


    ID : 1567
    Introduction

     Pluralism
     Fields of pluralism
     Social pluralism
     Moral pluralism
     Religious pluralism
     Political pluralism
    Pluralism

     The state of having more than one of anything.


     Coexistence of several diverse things.
     Autonomy, respect and tolerance

    Fig:1 Fig:2
    Fields of Pluralism

    society Religion Education

    Ethics Politics
    Social Pluralism
     Each individual or group:
    Autonomous.
    Right to pursue own values and interests.
    Equal.

    Fig:3 Fig:4
    Moral Pluralism

    “There are diverse moral principles and theories and that,though


    these may conflict with each other,each must be respected”

    A moral pluralist:
    open-minded when faced with competing moral views.
    No single moral approach will always provide the right answer.
    Analyze moral issues from several moral perspective.
    Religious Pluralism
    Refers to a state:
    Right to belive,practice and join any religion.
    Right to suspend or not have any belief or religion.
    All religions are equal

    Fig:5 Fig:6
    Political Pluralism
    “Power should not be held only by a single individual or group
    of individuals,rather dispersed among diverse ideological and
    economical groups”

    Fig:7 Fig:8
    Marxist Theory

    Name : Abid Hasan


    ID : 1553
    Marxist Theory

    The Marxist approach to literature is based on the philosophy of


    Karl Marx, a German philosopher and economist. His major
    argument was that whoever controlled the means of production (the
    factories) in a society controlled the society.
    Marxist Theory

    He believed that the means of production (i.e., the basis of


    power in society) should be placed in the hands those who
    actually operated them. He wrote that economic and political
    revolutions around the world would eventually place power
    in the hands of the masses, the laborers.
    Meterialism
    Economical
    Power Vs
    spiritualitity

    Criticism
    Class
    Main Areas of Study of
    capitalism conflict

    Art,
    Literature Revolution
    and
    and Socialism
    Ideologies
    Economical Power
    ● A society is shaped by its forces of production. Those who own the means of
    production dictate what type of society it is.
    ● The two main classes of society are the bourgeoisie (who control the means of
    production and wealth) and the proletariat (who operate the means of production
    and are controlled by the bourgeoisie).
    ● Since the bourgeoisie own the means of production—and, therefore, control the
    money—they can manipulate politics, government, education, art, and media.
    ● Capitalism is flawed in that it creates commodification (a desire for possessions,
    not for their innate usefulness, but for their social value). Display of material
    objects is the most common way of showing off one’s wealth.
    ● Commodification is one way the bourgeoisie keep the proletariat oppressed.
    Whenever the proletariat manages to acquire some sort of status symbol, the
    bourgeoisie concocts a new one; thus, the proletariat continues to struggle, never
    able to “catch up.”
    Materialism Vs. Spirituality

    ● Regardless of what some might claim, social values reflect


    material goals, not abstract ideals.
    ● The material world is the only non-subjective element in a
    society. Money and material possessions are the same by
    every measure within a society, whereas spirituality is
    completely subjective.
    ● The quality of a person’s life is not destroyed by spiritual
    failure but by material failure.
    Class Conflict
    ● A Capitalist society will inevitability experience conflict between its social
    classes.
    ● The owners and the workers will have different ideas about the division of the
    wealth generated, and the owners will ultimately make the decision.
    ● This constant conflict, or dialectical materialism, is what instigates change.
    ● The bourgeoisie present their political, economic, and social structures as the
    only reasonable ones. The proletariat, indoctrinated from birth to have pride in
    their station, are prevented from wanting to overthrow their oppressors
    (ironically, the smaller and actually less-powerful group).
    ● The only real social division is class. Divisions of race, ethnicity, gender, and
    religion are artificial, devised by the bourgeoisie to distract the proletariat from
    realizing their unity and rebelling against their oppressors.
    Art, Literature, and Ideologies
    ● Art and literature are among the vehicles by which the bourgeoisie impose their
    value system on the proletariat. The arts can make the current system seem
    attractive and logical, thus lulling the workers into an acceptance of it.
    ● Works of art and literature are enjoyable, so the audience is unaware of being
    manipulated.
    ● The bourgeoisie control most artistic output because, whether through patronage
    or sponsorship, they are the entity that funds the arts and entertainment. Since the
    bourgeoisie materially support the writers and the painters owning the means of
    production as well as serving as primary consumers the artist must be careful not
    to offend bourgeois values. Anything offensive or challenging to the bourgeoisie
    will simply not be published or sold.
    ● Any artist who wishes to criticize the bourgeoisie must do so in a subtle way
    (satire, irony, etc.).
    Elitism Theory

    Name : shahreia Alam Riptey


    ID : 1561
    Elitism

    “The idea that a small a select group people should


    get their way is called elitism.”
    Definition: Elitism is the belief or
    notion that a select group of people,
    who possess certain desirable qualities,
    are superior to the rest of society and
    therefore deserve greater privileges and
    influence. These desirable qualities can
    vary depending on the context, but
    often include wealth, power, talent,
    intelligence, or social status.
    Characteristics of Elitism
    • Limited opportunities for social mobility: Elitism can make it difficult for
    people from disadvantaged backgrounds to move up in society.

    • Belief in hierarchy: Elitists believe that society should be structured in a


    hierarchical way, with the elite at the top and the rest of the population at the
    bottom.

    • Justification for inequality: Elitists often justify inequality by arguing that


    the elite deserve their privileged position because they are more capable or
    deserving than the rest of the population.

    • Discrimination and prejudice: Elitism can lead to discrimination and


    prejudice against those who are not considered to be part of the elite.
    Different forms of Elitism:

    • Economic elitism: The belief that wealth is the most important


    measure of a person's worth.
    • Social elitism: The belief that social status is the most important
    measure of a person's worth.
    • Intellectual elitism: The belief that intelligence is the most
    important measure of a person's worth.
    • Cultural elitism: The belief that certain cultures are superior to
    others.
     In a nutshell:
    Elitism is a complex and controversial concept. There is
    no consensus on whether it is a positive or negative force
    in society. Some people believe that it is necessary for
    the efficient functioning of society, while others believe
    that it is unjust and harmful.
    Thank You Everyone

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