DISCIPLINES AND

IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL

SCIENCES
Quarter 2 – Module 6

Filipino
DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
OBJECTIVES:
At the end you are expected to:

Incorporate desirable Filipino values in your daily lives

Identify and explain important values of the Filipinos

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 What I Know
Evaluate the following Filipino values system. Choose
the answer in the box.
Morality, Guilty Conscience, Magalang, Formal Norms, ,
Natural Moral Law, Pakikisama, Hiya, Pakikisama, Utang na
Loob, Morality, God, Norms of Morality, Euphemism,
Erroneous Conscience, Mañana Habit, Bayanihan

________1. The norms determining what actions we ought to do in

each situation.
________2. A way of examining our lives and trying to find our more
clearly what we want and what we do not want.
________3. Is an expression that points towards a value but does not
necessarily fulfill the eight criteria of the process of valuing.
____________ 4. Are the standards that indicate the rightfulness or
wrongness, the goodness or evilness and the value or disvalue of a thing
or action. Morality, Guilty Conscience, Magalang, Formal Norms, ,
Natural Moral Law, Pakikisama, Hiya, Pakikisama, Utang na Loob,
Morality, God, Norms of Morality, Euphemism, Erroneous Conscience,
Mañana Habit, Bayanihan

____________ 5. A mild or indirect expression substituted for one

considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something
unpleasant or embarrassing.

____________ 6. The conformity or non-conformity of an action or

behavior with the norms or criteria. That which conforms is good or
moral and that which does not conform is evil or immoral
____________ 7. An act of the practical judgment
of reason deciding upon an individual action as
good and to be performed or as evil and to be
avoided.

____________ 8. A prime example of the concept

of helping, where people put together their strength
or resources to help a person in need.

____________ 9. No stress and tension. One

learns to take what comes naturally
____________ 10. A sense of obligation to return
a favor owed to someone.

____________ 11. The highest good. The ultimate

and absolute good that will fulfill all human desires.

____________ 12. Relies on superior power

rather than on one’s own.

____________ 13. peace and lack of dissention is

a constant goal.
____________ 14. Are those norms that relate
to our character, i.e. to what kind of person we
ought to be. Examples of formal norms are: Do
good and avoid evil, be honest, Be chaste.

____________ 15. It contributes to peace of

mind and lack of stress by not even trying to
achieve.
Values may be defined as those standards of which a group or
society judges the desirability and importance of persons, ideas,
actions, and goals. Values are shared convictions or beliefs in
what are considered contributory to the welfare of the group.
From these definitions, we can clearly see how values are affected
by society and, in turn, how society can be affected by the values
held by its members.

We all know that the Filipino values system is an ambivalence or

in contradiction in nature. It depends on how the person used the
values systems are to attain a particular motive. However, values
must use to the highest good for the self and for the community.

Now, think of 8 Filipino Values system that has dual meaning in

nature. Put your answer in the chart.
 Filipino Values System Encouraging Impact Adverse Outcome
Ex. Pakikisama Ex. Positive because one Ex. Negative, it is because one
lives for others; peace and lack closes his eyes to evils like graft
of dissention is And corruption to conserve
a constant goal. peace and harmony in the group
at the expense of one’s comfort
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Process Questions:
1.How do you feel with the activity?

2.What commonalities do these values system have?

 Filipinos can be found in almost all parts of the world. When
you are in a foreign country, we rejoice at the sight of other co-
Filipinos as if there is something that binds us. Sometimes, if we
are not sure about the nationality of a person, but he/she looks
like a Filipino, we often ask,” Filipino ka ba?” Then if he /she”
yes”, we’re happy. If someone does not meet our expectations in
the way he/she answers questions or the way he/she behaves,
we say in frustration, ‘kapwa Filipino pa naman siya?”

What makes us think that our co-Filipinos can be trusted to

give help or answer questions if we are lost in a foreign country?
Why do we have so much expectation from our co-Filipinos?
What binds us together?
 The reason lies in the fact that we grew up being socialized or
trained to practices and preserve our Filipino cultural values,
norms, customs, and traditions which are inculcated to us
since birth and passed from one generation to generations.
Landa Jocano, a famous sociologist says that” there are no
negative Filipino values, only the wrong use of values”. Values
change slowly, but it depends on how strong families are in
preserving, promoting, and passing on our cultural values from
one generation to another. There are ways to preserve and
promote culture, particularly through the language, religion,
literature, music, arts, of a particular group of people.

Language and culture are interrelated because embedded in

the language are words that reflect cultural ways or lifestyles of
the people that live in a common environment. Filipino carries
words which cannot be translated exactly in English that show
our cultural values of respect, regard for others, family
solidarity, and other beautiful Filipino values. If parents want
their children to address their elders with respect, they must
teach them how to speak Pilipino, the national language or their
regional dialect.

According to some estimates, 10.2 million people from the

Philippines or of Filipino descent are working abroad. Filipinos
work in more than 100 different countries, one of the largest
diaspora populations globally. No matter where they work,
Filipinos the world over have a reputation for being excellent
employees and team members.

This gold-standard reputation can be directly attributed to

strong Filipino values and a stellar work ethic. There are
number of key elements that help us understand how the
Filipino community has earned such a positive and well-
deserved reputation. Whether working in the Philippines or
abroad, here are the values that make Filipinos a level above
other employee.

Highly Educated
Education is a major part of Filipino culture, especially for
those who have migrated to other countries. In the US, Filipinos,
when compared to other immigrant groups as well as US born
citizens, have an above average education rate. They also have
an extremely high English speaking proficiency, ranking as the
second highest in Asia and 14th highest in the world. Both
factors contribute greatly to Filipino success in the workforce.

Hospitality & Generosity

Instilled into their culture, Filipino workers will make you feel
welcome, even if they haven’t known you for a long time. They
will immediately ask you to join them for a meal or drink after
work and will offer to show you around their city or town.
They are naturally inclusive and will ensure that you meet their
officemates, so you will quickly feel part of the team. You will
rarely find a Filipino worker that refuses to mingle with others,
and as any manager knows, building a strong rapport amongst
teammates is paramount to managing a successful team.

Filipino workers make up a substantial percentage of the

international workforce in the healthcare industry. Given the
values and ethics that are known to be such an integral part of
Filipino culture, it’s no surprise that Filipino workers are drawn
to this career path, becoming highly sought-after employees
across the private and public healthcare sector.
Family Values and Filial Responsibility

When dealing with your staff in the Philippines and abroad,

you will more than likely see their strong commitment to their
families. Values of respect, hard work and loyalty are heavily
influenced by their personal relationships with their families and
these carry over to their professional lives as well. Filipinos are
responsible, dependable and hardworking; this can be directly
attributed to the culturally-rooted trait of filial obligation (taking
care of the sick family members, sending money to help pay for
education of family members and miscellaneous family needs).
The importance of “family values” translates into the workplace
as well, with Filipino’s demonstrating a strong commitment to
their team and team members, treating them as an extension of
their families.
“Hiya” and “Mahiyain”

The concept of pride or “saving face” is a big deal in Asian

work cultures. It is often associated with Japanese workspaces,
but it can also be applied in the Philippine setting. Often,
Filipinos are not very confrontational and value their reputation.
They go out of their way to avoid losing face or being
embarrassed in public settings. Being “hiya” or “mahiyain” is a
complicated Filipino value that puts importance on how others
see you, therefore influencing their behavior in a workplace
environment. In an age where accountability is a lost art, “Hiya”
instills a refreshing sense of pride in Filipino workers.
The value of hard work

Working overtime is a popular concept in the Filipino work

culture. Many workers do not mind working after business
hours because they know it can help add value to the work they
do. Despite having their own heavy workload, Filipinos will aid
their colleagues to help the team as a whole. Furthermore, it is a
common statement from foreign employers that the work ethics
and dedication of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) are top
notch and unmatched. In countries such as Kuwait and the US,
employers can attest to this as hiring rates for Filipinos is
growing.
 Filipino workers have carved out a unique place in the international
market as high performing, highly sought-after employees. Their strong
moral code, along with family values and ethical workplace practices
has solidified their place as trustworthy and hardworking employees.
As more and more Filipinos travel and work abroad, this reputation
continues to spread, as the rest of the world embraces the quality that
Filipino employees bring.

Spiritual Life and Religiosity

Religion is deeply embedded in and intertwined with Filipino culture.
It is central to people’s lives and enables them to face life’s challenges
and adversities with strength and optimism. Filipino use spirituality
and religion as part of their coping practice, especially when dealing
with illness.
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Filipino Core Values
Kapwa - concept of kapwa (shared identity) is the core of
Sikolohiyang Pilipino and heart of the structure of Filipino values.
Pakikipagkapwa means treating the other person as kapwa or fellow
human being.
Hospitality - the friendly and generous reception and entertainment
of guests, visitors, or strangers
Utang na Loob – debt of gratitude
Bahala Na - fatalism or determination and being risk taker

Smooth Interpersonal Relationships (SIR)

Smooth Interpersonal Relationships are a core value for every Filipino

community; they involve a shared identity, engagement on an equal
basis with others, and giving importance to the individual versus
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agencies or institutions. This cultural characteristic is also known as
“Personalism”. The high value placed on sensitivity and regard for
others, respect, and concern, understanding, helping out, and
consideration for others’ limitations, often creates discord with
American tendencies toward openness and frankness (Agoncillo &
Guerrero, 1987; Enriquez, 1994)

Perceptions regarding physician preferences dictate who will provide

care and how much trust is given.
1.“One of Us” (Hindi ibang Tao) versus
2.“Not one of Us” (Ibang Tao)

Health providers who are respectful, amenable, and willing to

accommodate the patient’s needs “Hindi ibang Tao”
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The concept “Not one of Us” involves:

Civility (Pakikitungo)
Mixing (Pakikisalamuha)
Participating (Pakikilahok)
Adjusting (Pakikisama)

The concept “One of Us” includes:

Mutual trust/rapport (Pakikipagpalagayan ng loob)

Getting involved (Pakikisangkot)
Oneness/full trust (Pakiisa)
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FILIPINO PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS:

MAGALANG (Respectful) – Filipinos are respectful. Filipinos

see this in how they address the elderly people, like with the
use of “po” and “opo” when addressing someone older than
them.

MASAYAHIN (Joyful) – Filipinos are known for their smiles

that can warm the hearts of anyone. Filipinos have an innate
sense of happiness and they can even find humor in their own
problems.

MAY TAKOT SA DIYOS (God-fearing) – Though Filipinos

belong to various religious groups, they all essentially have God
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at the center of their lives.

MALAPIT SA PAMILYA (Close Family Ties) – Filipinos enjoy
the feeling of having and knowing family members are around
them. From cousins, aunts, uncles and grandparents, some
families share their homes, celebrate holidays, and lend a
hand to relatives when it is needed.

MARUNONG TUMANAW NG UTANG NA LOOB (Deep

Gratitude) – Just as Filipinos are readily available for help;
they also feel a great sense of gratitude when help is extended
to them and voluntarily reciprocate this help in due time.

MATULUNGIN (Helpful) – Filipinos readily extend help even

in small ways. The value of “Bayanihan” is a prime example of
the concept of helping, where people put together their
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strength or resources to help a person in need.

MATATAG (Resilient) – Filipinos are, by nature, resilient, and
triumph through bad situations like financial setbacks or bad
harvest. They hold strongly to the idea that things will
improve, and that God will always be there for all.

MATAPANG (Brave) – Filipinos are known for bravery

especially when family, security, lives are being threatened by
bad circumstances or people. They are willing to risk lives to
protect those who are dear to them.

HOSPITALITY (Welcoming to visitors) – When Filipinos have

people visit their homes, they always welcome them with
smiles, conversation, and food.
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OBEDIENT AND DUTIFUL – In Filipino culture, they always
respect and follow what their parents and adults advise them
to do.

DILIGENT AND PATIENT – Majority of livelihood in the

Philippines is based on agriculture. It takes a lot of back-
breaking work to plant the fields. Then it takes patience to
care, water and harvest it.

RESOURCEFUL AND CREATIVE – During the times when

Filipinos don’t have the means to accomplish something, they
find ingenious ways of using what we have to solve their
problems.
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THRIFTY AND FRUGAL – Filipinos do not like to waste
anything since they do not have a lot. They are careful of what
they have, knowing that it will serve them well for a long time.

OTHER FILIPINO CHARACTERS:

COLONIAL MENTALITY – It is the referential use of all things

foreign and dislike for anything local.

RELAX LANG MENTALITY – The Filipinos are used to work

daily and get things done with little heed for meeting deadlines
or resolving urgent problems and this is so because the country
abounds with resources and climate without winter.
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CRAB MENTALITY – Filipinos sometimes get jealous of other
people’s successes that they find a way to pull the other person
down, rather than striving to be better.

THE “AWA” MENTALITY – Awa is the Filipino value that is

much abused, overused, behind which a lot of in competencies
and irregularities are shielded.

FILIPINO TIME – For the Filipino, time is a succession of

moments without neither starting point nor an ending point.

COMPADRE SYSTEM – Many Filipinos do not exert

extraordinary effort in their field of endeavor as they rely so
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much on the
much-abused “padrino system” and influence-peddling to attain
their ends.

TUNGKULIN NG PANGANAY SA PAMILYA – In the Filipino

family, the oldest child, who is next in rank to the parents, is
expected to act and think like the parents.

PAGKATITULADO OR PAGPAPAHALAGA SA MAY PINAG-

ARALAN – The Filipino feels inadequate if he has not
experienced formal education. The compulsion is that he
should be schooled to become relevant.

NINGAS COGON – This refers to the rapidity with which a new

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organization may first gather enthusiastic support and then be
entirely neglected.

The Go Between – This serves to prevent a direct quarrel

between individuals or groups.

MAÑANA HABIT – The mañana or procrastination is an

example of the indolence of the Filipinos as in the much-
abused phrase “saka na lang.”

LACK OF DISCIPLINE – Pollution, traffic rules and following

the law are things Filipinos tend to ignore. They like to sell
their wares on the streets, beat the red light and throw their
garbage in the wrong places. 9
“BAHALA NA” – This is a kind of fatalistic resignation that
really represents withdrawal from engagement or crisis or a
shrinking from personal responsibility.

AMOR PROPIO – means ego defensiveness, dignity, or one’s

personal pride akin to the traditional oriental attitude of
having ‘face’. In Philippine society, building up one’s self-
esteem is essential, and to this end amor propio in all respect
reinforces the Filipino trait “hiya”. Like for example, a person
may hesitate to collect a long overdue financial debt or item
borrowed because to

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 raise the matter face to face may place a person’s amor propio
at risk and can cause the latter to flare up.

From the discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of

the Filipino, there is much that is good in us but there is also
much that needs to be changed. It is also clear that many of our
strong points are also the sources of weakness.

As people, we are person-oriented and relationships with

others are very important part of our lives. We are thus capable
of much caring and concern for others. On the other hand, our
person orientation in the extreme leads to lack of objectivity
and disregard for universal rules and procedures where
everyone, regardless of our relationship with them, is treated
 equally. Our person orientation leads us to be concerned for
people and yet to be unfair to someone.

Our family orientation is both strength and weaknesses, giving

us a sense of rootedness and security, both very essential to any
form of reaching out to others. At the same time, it develops in
us an in-group that prevents us from reaching beyond the
family to the larger community and the nation.

Lack of Self-Analysis and Self-Reflection (Weaknesses of the

Filipino Character)

Lack of Self-Analysis and Self-Reflection. There is a tendency

in the Filipino to be superficial and even somewhat flighty. In
the face of serious problems, both personal and social, there is
lack of analysis or reflection. We joke about the most serious
matters and this prevents looking deeply into the problem.
There is no felt need to validate our hypotheses or explanation
of things. Thus, we are satisfied with superficial explanations
and superficial solution to problems. Related to this is the
Filipino emphasis on form (porma) rather than on substance.
There is a tendency to be satisfied with rhetoric and to
substitute this for reality. Empty rhetoric and endless words
are very much part of public life. as long as the right things
are said, as long as the proper documents and reports exist, as
long are deluded into believing that what ought to be actually
exist.
Kanya-Kanya Syndrome (Weaknesses of the Filipino Character)

Kanya-Kanya Syndrome. Filipinos have a selfish, self-serving

attitude that generates a feeling of envy and competitiveness
towards others, particularly one’s peers who seem to have
gained some status or prestige. Towards them, the Filipino
demonstrates the so-called crab mentality (referring to the
tendency of crabs in a basket to pull each other down) using the
levelling instruments of tsismis, intriga, and unconstructive
criticism to bring others down. There seems to be a basic
assumption that other’s gain is one’s loss.

The Kanya-Kanya syndrome is also evident in the personal

ambition and the drive for power and status that is completely
insensitive to the common good. Personal and in-group
interests reign supreme. This characteristic is also evident in
the lack of a sense of service among people in the government
bureaucracy. The public is made feel that service from these
offices and from these civil servants is an extra perk that must
be paid for.

Colonial Mentality (Weaknesses of the Filipino Character)

Colonial Mentality. Filipinos have a colonial mentality which

is made up of two dimensions: the first is lack of patriotism or
an active awareness, appreciation, and love of the Philippines;
the second is an actual preference for foreign things.
 Filipino culture is characterized by an openness to the out-put
side ---- adapting and incorporating the foreign elements into
our image of ourselves. And yet this image is not built around a
deep core of the Philippines history and language. The result is
cultural vagueness or weakness that makes Filipinos
extraordinary susceptible to the wholesale acceptance of
modern’s mass culture which often western. Thus, there is
preference for foreign fashion, entertainment, lifestyle,
technology, consumer items.

Passivity and Lack of initiative (Weaknesses of the Filipino

Character)

Passivity and Lack of initiative. Filipinos are generally passive

done. There is strong reliance on others (e.g. leaders,
government) to do things for us. this is related to one’s attitude
towards authority. Filipinos have a need for a strong authority
figure and feel safer and more secure in the presence of such an
authority. One is generally submissive to those in authority and
is likely to raise issues or to question decisions.

Filipinos tend to be complacent and there is rarely a sense of

urgency about any problem. There is high tolerance foe in
efficiency, poor service, and even violations of one’s basic
rights.in many ways, it can be said that the Filipino is too
patient and long-suffering (matiisin). Too easily resigned to
one’s fate, Filipinos are thus easily oppressed and exploited.
Lack of Discipline (Weaknesses of the Filipino Character)

Lack of Discipline. The Filipino’s lack of discipline

encompasses several related characteristics. We have a causal
and relaxed attitude towards time and space which manifests
itself in lack of precision and compulsiveness, in poor time
management and in procrastination. We have an aversion for
following strictly a set of procedures, and this results in lack of
standardization and quality control. We are impatient and
unable to unable to delay gratification or reward, resulting in
the use of short-cuts, in skirting fiction or reward.
 Extreme Family-Centeredness
(Weaknesses of the Filipino Character)
 Extreme Family-Centeredness. While concern for the
family is one of the Filipino’s greatest strengths, in the
extreme it becomes a serious flaw. Excessive concern for
the family creates an in-group to which the Filipino is
fiercely loyal to the detriment of concern for the larger
community or for the common good.

Excessive concern for family manifests itself in the use of

one’s office and power as a means of promoting the
interest of the family, in factionalism, patronage, and
political dynasties and in the protection of erring family
members. It results in lack of concern for the common
good and it acts as a block to national consciousness.
AbilitySurvive(StrengthofFilipino Personality)

Ability Survive. Filipinos have an ability to survive, which

is manifested in our capacity for endurance despite difficult
times in our ability to get by on so very little. Filipinos make
do with what is available in the environment (e.g. eking out
a living from a garbage dump). This survival instinct is
related to the Filipinos other strengths ----- a basic
optimism, flexibility and adaptability, hard work, and a
deep faith in God. It is manifested in the millions of
Filipinos who bravely live through the harshest economic
and social circumstances. Regretfully, one wonders what we
might be able to do under better circumstances.
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 Activity: Caricature Making
Create a caricature that depicts the applicability of Filipino values system in
relation to solving the world social issues especially during the pandemic. Used the rubric
below as your guide in creating your caricature.
Rubrics for Caricature
Criteria EXCELLENT Making
VERY GOOD GOOD NEEDS

Score
IMPROVEMENT

Symbols and designs Most of the symbols Some of the symbols The symbols and designs
are superb unique are original are little original are just copied from
Originality
(15 points) and original internet or some books

Colors, designs, and Most of the colors, Some of the colors, Colors, designs, and
symbols compliment designs, and designs, and symbols symbols did not
Creativity from each other. Symbols compliment compliment from each compliment from each
(10 points) from each other. other. other.

Strength and All symbolisms are Most of symbolisms Only some The design did not
Relevance of strong, convincing, are strong, symbolisms are provide any convincing
supporting and relevant to the convincing, and strong, convincing, symbolism
symbolism (10 time relevant to the time and relevant to the
points) time
Neatness Very clean and Clean but not A little of untidiness Untidy work
(5 points) elegance elegance
 Assessment
Asses the of Filipino behaviors whether it is a TRAIT or
VALUES. Explain your answer.

1.Pakikisama (group loyalty)

a. , It is because one lives for others; peace and lack of
dissention is a constant goal
Explanation:

b. , It is because one closes his eyes to evils like

graft and corruption to conserve peace and harmony in the
group at the expense of one’s comfort.
Explanation:
2.Patigasan (test of strength)

a. , It is stubborn and resists all efforts at

reconciliation. The traits make us vindictive, irrational,
and childish.

Explanation:

b. , It is assigned that we know our rights and not

easily cowed into submission. Hence, keeping with our
“will power”.

Explanation:
3.Sakop (inclusion or strong family ties)

a. , One never learns to be on one’s own but relies

on one’ family and relatives. This stunts growth and
generating a life of parasitism.

Explanation:

b. , One cares for the family and clan. This trait

shows concern and gratitude.

Explanation:
4.Mañana Habit (procrastination)

a. , No stress and tension. One learns to take

what comes naturally.

Explanation:

b. , Constantly postpones action and

accomplishing nothing.

Explanation:
5.Bahala na (resignation)

a. , it leaves everything to chance under the

pretext of trusting in Divine providence. This is really
laziness disguised in religious garb.

Explanation:

b. , It relies on superior power rather than on

one’s own.

Explanation:
6.Kanya-kanya (self-centeredness)

a. , One takes care of oneself and family. “Blood is

thicker than water”.

Explanation:

b. , one has no regard for others. Do not care

about the world and no regard for others, so long as my
family are not in need.

Explanation:
7.Hiya (shame)

a. , It is because it inhibits one’s action. This

reduces one to smallness, making him timid, meek, and
weak.

Explanation:

b. , It is because it contributes to peace of mind

and lack of stress by not even trying to achieve.

Explanation:
8.Utang na Loob (debt of gratitude)

a. , It admittedly leads to blind loyalty, where we,

as recipients, see our benefactors as perfect. But we all
know that this kind of loyalty is unhealthy.

Explanation:

b. , It can be grateful to someone who helped you

get through a rough patch, or saved you from a terrible
situation, but it does not mean they’re always right and
couldn’t make mistakes.

Explanation:
9.Closeness and Security in the Family

a. , It can strengthen the bond of the among

members of the family

Explanation:

b. , It leads to much dependency among each

member of the family.

Explanation:
10.Matatag (Resilient)

a. , It springs from a prepared, equipped, vigilant, and

united people.

Explanation:

b. , It leads to the capability of withstanding shock

without any more permanent deformation or rupture for
any obstacle.

Explanation: